A common practice in the commercial broiler industry is to reuse litter over multiple broiler flocks. Over time the bacterial populations in the reused litter increases but how those organisms are spatially distributed throughout the litter bed is unclear. Therefore, the goal of this project was to investigate the distribution of bacteria at three different depths of litter. Litter samples were...

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the effects of a single twisted file (TF) instrument in three different operation modes on the preparation of curved root canals in human molars and to explore a new possible method in canal shaping in the clinic setting. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 105 selected root canals with an angle of curvature ranging from 20° to 35° were...

objectives: the present study was conducted to determine the effect of local and systemic inflammation on the quantity and localisation of gingival mesenchymal stem cells (gmscs). materials & methods: gingival samples were collected from 34 systemically healthy (group1) and 10 consenting adult patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (t2dm) (group2) who had reported for various dental treatment r...

introduction: the aim of this study was to compare the marginal adaptation of mineral trioxide aggregate (mta) and calcium-enriched mixture(cem) cement apical plugs in open apex teeth in dry, blood- and saliva-contaminated canals. methods and materials: a total of 120 human extracted single-rooted teeth were used. the teeth were decoronated and canals were cleaned and shaped up to #80 k-files. ...

The Royal Army Medical Corps supplied one Field Ambulance unit (a Boer War innovation) in support of each Brigade. The role of the Field Ambulance was to evacuate and treat casualties but major injuries were only definitively treated in the Casualty Clearing Stations or Base Hospitals well behind the front. Each Field Ambulance had 10 officers and 240 men divided into 3 sections which in turn w...

Material and Methods. Total of 48 female Wistar rats were divided into four groups. Control group was given saline daily, intra-muscularly, and the other three groups MPA in doses of 7.5, 15.0 and 75.0 mg/kg bw during 30 days. Paraffin sections from adrenal glands were stained according the following methods: hematoxylin-eosin, Azan modified by Heidenhein, Van-Gieson, Kossa-Goldner, Masson and ...

T. minus L.is a complex species which has been divided into three varieties in Turkey.These are var.minus, var.majus (Crantz) Crepin and var. microphyllum Boiss. In this study, stem and leaf anatomial features of the varietieswere described, compared andsome differences have been determined in between the varieties.In transverse sections of stems;the shape of stems, presence or absence of trich...