Non-standard sandwich gravitational waves are constructed from the homogeneous pp vacuum solution and the motions of free test particles in the space-times are calculated explicitly. They demonstrate the caustic property of sandwich waves. By performing limits to impulsive gravitational wave it is demonstrated that the resulting particle motions are identical regardless of the “initial” sandwic...

BACKGROUND Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) is an unstable molecule that can rapidly lose immunologic activity in blood. Conventional sandwich BNP immunoassays use 2 antibodies specific to 2 different epitopes. Larger distances between epitopes are associated with a greater probability of proteolysis sites being located between the antibody-binding sites, and thus such assays have an increased s...

The literature is inconclusive on the development of adjacent-level vertebral fracture after initial cement augmentation. A preliminary hypotheses is that cement injection exaggerates force transmission to the adjacent vertebral bodies, thereby predisposing those levels to future fractures. A sandwich vertebra is an intact vertebral body located between 2 previously cemented vertebrae. The purp...

Non-toxic sandwich: By trapping mercury nanodroplets between two graphene monolayers, a new type of two-dimensional sandwich electrode is realized, which non-toxic and stable with interesting electrochemical properties.

This paper investigates the difference between thickness of zinc-based alloys oxide films in dynamic condition using the oxide-metal-oxide (OMO) sandwich method and static condition by theoretical calculations. In dynamic condition, the thickness of the oxide film in the OMO sandwich sample was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In the static condition, the thickness and type ...

Vibration behavior of different types of porous functionally graded (FG) conical sandwich shells are investigated based on a modified high order sandwich shells theory for the first time. Sandwich shell includes FG face sheets covering a homogeneous core and the second one includes homogeneous face sheets and a FG core. Power law rule modified by considering two types of porosity distributions ...

aluminum foams are a novel branch of advanced materials with superior properties. sandwich structures with aluminum foam core are good energy absorbers. in this paper, mechanical properties and energy absorption of aluminum foam sandwich panels subjected to quasi-static perforation tests with conical-nosed indenter were investigated experimentally. for this purpose sandwich panels consisting of...

OBJECTIVE To explore the intergenerational birth-weight patterns of the direct female descendants of Mexican-American women. DESIGN This is a population-based study. METHODS Stratified analyses were performed on a transgenerational dataset of 1956-1975 and 1989-1991 Illinois computerized vital records of Mexican-American infants. RESULTS Among the descendants of generation 1 US-born Mexic...

In 1995 Golumbic, Kaplan and Shamir defined graph sandwich problems as follows: graph sandwich problem for property Π (Π-sp) Input: Two graphs G = (V,E) and G = (V,E) such that E ⊆ E. Question: Is there a graph G = (V,E) satisfying the property Π such that E ⊆ E ⊆ E? The graphG is called sandwich graph for the pair (G, G). Note that making E = E = E we have the recognition problem for the prope...

Telomere shortening can lead to chromosome instability, replicative senescence, and apoptosis in both somatic and male germ cells. To study roles for mammalian telomeres in homologous pairing and recombination, we characterized effects of telomere shortening on spermatogenesis and oogenesis in late-generation telomerase-deficient mice. We show that shortened telomeres of late-generation telomer...