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This tutorial will describe the novel technique of using leading-edge 3D X-Ray Microscopy (XRM) technology to complement physical cross-section in Failure Analysis (FA) and 3DIC package development workflows. Contrary to popular believe that “3D X-Ray” is too slow, we explain how XRM, a new 3D X-Ray variant technique differs from conventional 3D X-Ray Micro Computed Tomography (MicroCT), and ca...
Using the anti-de Sitter/conformal field theory correspondence, we relate the shear viscosity eta of the finite-temperature N = 4 supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory in the large N, strong-coupling regime with the absorption cross section of low-energy gravitons by a near-extremal black three-brane. We show that in the limit of zero frequency this cross section coincides with the area of the horiz...
Let (M, g) be a compact Kähler-Einstein manifold with c1 > 0. Denote by K → M the canonical line-bundle, with total space X, and X0 the singular space obtained by blowing down X along its zero section. We employ a construction by Page and Pope and discuss an interesting multi-parameter family of Poincaré–Einstein metrics on X. One 1-parameter subfamily {gt}t>0 has the property that as t ↘ 0, gt...
Hard x-ray Free electron lasers (FEL) are being built or proposed at many accelerator laboratories as it supports wide range of applications in many aspects. Most of the hard x-ray FEL design is similar with the SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS), which features a two (or multiple) stage bunch compression. For the first stage of the bunch compression, usually the beam is accelerated in a l...
In this supplement we prove the additional technical lemmas stated in Section 7.1 which are used in the proofs of the main results. Lemma 4 The function H−1 defined in Section 2.1 is concave and nondecreasing. It is strictly increasing for all x where H−1(x) < 12 . Moreover for C ≥ 1 it satisfies H−1(Ct) ≤ C 2 3H−1(t). (60) The function K defined in Section 2.1 is also increasing and satisfies ...
The production of neutrons carrying at least 20% of the proton beam energy (xL > 0.2) in e+p collisions has been studied with the ZEUS detector at HERA for a wide range of Q2, the photon virtuality, from photoproduction to deep inelastic scattering. The neutron-tagged cross section, ep → eXn, is measured relative to the inclusive cross section, ep → eX, thereby reducing the systematic uncertain...
The standard description of hard processes in proton-proton (and other hadronhadron) collisions uses the concept of factorization. In a standard factorization formula, the proton-proton cross section is given by the convolution of a parton density for each proton with a hard cross section for the interaction of two partons, summed over the relevant combinations of parton species. The physical p...
Given a universe of discourse U , a multiset can be thought of as a function M from U to the natural numbers N. In this paper, we define a hybrid set to be any function from the universe U to the integers Z. These sets are called hybrid since they contain elements with either a positive or negative multiplicity. Our goal is to use these hybrid sets as if they were multisets in order to adequate...
Let X be a smooth algebraic surface over a perfect field k. Consider pairs x ∈ C , x is a closed point of X , C is either an irreducible curve on X which is smooth at x, or an irreducible analytic branch near x of an irreducible curve on X . As in the previous section 1 for every such pair x ∈ C we get a two-dimensional local field Kx,C . If X is a projective surface, then from the adelic descr...
We show that long-run average cost function for the (R, T) policy with normally distributed demand has a structure similar to that of the corresponding (Q, r) model so that many of the useful properties of the latter model are applicable. In particular, (i) the optimal cost is relatively insensitive to the choice of the reorder interval, T, provided a near-optimal R corresponding to the chosen ...
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