Purpose — This paper aims to examine the relationship between shadow economy and income inequality in Nigeria.Method The employed Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL), Fully Modified Ordinary Least Square (FMOLS), Granger causality. methodology is used avoid endogeneity heterogeneity model. gauged using two diverse indicators of Gini coefficient: index proportion household disposable market in...

Abstract According to the 2021 Rule of Law Index , one leading global indicators on rule law published annually by World Justice Project, Russia and Turkey ranked 101st 117th, respectively, among 139 countries (WJP. [online]. https://worldjusticeproject.org/our-work/research-and-data/wjp-rule-law-index-2021 2021). The low positions these two in is unsurprising given that both are non-democracie...

China has been experiencing financial repression for a long time. The main feature of this repression is a regulated interest rate system. This results in private firms’ low likelihood of getting money from the official banking system, and at the same time seeded the emergence of the shadow banks, which introduces uncontrollable risks into the Chinese economy. Also, other policy goals, such as ...

Creating Low Skilled Jobs by Subsidizing Market-Contracted Household Work We analyze the determinants of household work contracted in the German shadow economy. The German socio-economic household panel, which enumerates casual domestic employment, is used to estimate the demand for such household work. The regressors include regional wage rates, household income and several control variables f...