The invasion of pest insects often changes or destroys a native ecosystem, and can result in food shortages and disease endemics. Issues such as the environmental effects of chemical control methods, the economic burden of maintaining control strategies and the risk of pest resistance still remain, and mosquito-borne diseases such as malaria and dengue fever prevail in many countries, infecting...

1 Briefing No. 2 April 2005 By the end of the ‘90s over one-fifth of the Albanian population was estimated to be living abroad, representing the largest outflow of any transitional economy. Al though migrat ion, and the consequent flow of remittances, has played a role in enhancing the economic development of the country, the phenomenon has also contributed to brain drain and work force shortag...

Currently, Sub-Sahara is experiencing increased frequency of disasters either as floods or droughts which diverts scarce resources, time and efforts from other sustainable millennium development goals. Success in preventing food shortages in African continent will only be achieved if we understand the vulnerability and risk of the majority of small-holder farmers under rainfed and supplemental ...

Within the field of nurse rostering[2], solving personnel shortages is a central problem. Trivedi and Warner[11] and Gascon et al. [5] introduce a pool of float nurses. They solve shortages by using nurses from this pool. Siferd and Benton[10] tackle shortages by calling nurses from other wards and by allowing nurses to work overtime. Meisels and Kaplanksi[6] pioneered a negotiation based appro...

Both economic theory and modern economic history show that productivity growth in non-agricultural sectors has consistently outweighed that of the agricultural sector. Thus, as development progresses, employment, which had been centered around the agricultural sector, becomes more and more dependent on the industrial and services sectors. This relationship between economic growth, and the move ...