OBJECTIVE to analyze time trends in mortality owing to intestinal infectious diseases (IID) among children under five years of age in São Paulo State and its Regional Health Care Networks (RRAS), from 2000 to 2012. METHODS this was a time series study of deaths having IID as their underlying, antecedent or contributory cause, using Mortality Information System data. RESULTS there were 2,886...

The sustainable development goals (SDGs) offer a unique opportunity for policy-makers to build on the millennium development goals (MDGs) by adopting more sustainable approaches to addressing global development challenges. The delivery of health services is of particular concern. Most African countries are unlikely to achieve the health MDGs, however, significant progress has been made particul...

We survey recent research on mixed-integer rounding (MIR) inequalities and a generalization, namely the two-step MIR inequalities defined by Dash and Günlük (2006). We discuss the master cyclic group polyhedron of Gomory (1969) and discuss how other subadditive inequalities, similar to MIR inequalities, can be derived from this polyhedron. Recent numerical experiments have shed much light on th...

INTRODUCTION Quality of care could be influenced by individual socio-economic status (SES) and by residential area deprivation. The objective is to synthesize the current evidence regarding inequalities in health care for patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (Type 2 DM). METHODS The systematic review focuses on inequalities concerning process (e.g. measurement of HbA1c, i.e. glycolised haem...

OBJECTIVES To overcome the absence of socio-economic information in administrative databases and to monitor social inequalities in health, a material and social deprivation index was developed for Québec and Canada. METHODS The index is based on the smallest area unit used in Canadian censuses, with 400 to 700 persons on average. It includes six socio-economic indicators grouped along two dim...

Absolute poverty lines are often derived from the cost of obtaining sufficient calories. Where staples vary across regions, such poverty lines may differ depending on whether they are set using national or regional food baskets. Regional poverty lines are open to the objection that they may be contaminated by income effects. This paper explores this issue by focussing on Uganda, a country where...

The paper studies regional (spatial) inequality in the five most populous countries in the world: China, India, the United States of America, Indonesia and Brazil in the period 1980–2000. They are all federations or quasi-federations composed of entities with substantial economic autonomy. Two types of regional inequalities are considered: Concept 1 inequality, which is inequality between mean ...

In Italy systematic mandatory tetanus immunization of children started in 1968. In a national sample of 241 young males born after 1968 the prevalence of non-immune subjects was 11.2% (5.5% in the North-Centre, 15.9% in the South-Islands; p < 0.02). Comparing these data with the corresponding figure obtained in a previous study of subjects born before 1968 a significant decrease (11.2% versus 3...

We analyzed the isotope dilution residue function from a single cardiac chamber for an arbitrary inlet distribution of tracer and arbitrary mixing within the chamber, and established a general relationship between cardiac output and the chamber residue function. In our experiments, we made simultaneous temperature measurements in three left ventricular chamber subregions of the dog subjected to...