the purpose of this paper is to estimate the welfare cost of inflation in iran. we first use the long-horizon regression approach developed by fisher and seater (1993) to obtain an estimate of the inflation rate elasticity of money demand and then the baily’s consumer surplus approach to calculate the welfare cost function. the results show that reducing inflation rate from 40% to 0% increases ...

The Nordic welfare states aim at providing equality of the highest standards for all their citizens. However, numerous studies have demonstrated that socioeconomic inequalities in morbidity and mortality are not among the smallest in these countries as compared with other European regions. Recently, this has spurred health researchers to evaluate the extent to which the Nordic welfare regime is...

Although high-income countries share and value the goal of protecting children from harm, national data on child maltreatment and the involvement of social services, the judiciary and health services remain relatively scarce. To explore potential reasons for this, a number of high-income countries across the world (Belgium, Canada, Germany, the Netherlands, New Zealand, South Korea, Switzerland...

We examine the extent to which children are exposed to the welfare system through their mother’s receipt of benefits and its impact on several developmental outcomes. Using data from the matched mother-child file from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY), we find that children’s welfare exposure is substantial. By age 10 over one-third of all children will have lived in a welfare ho...

Here, I provide a guide for those new to the burgeoning field of animal welfare science as to what this comprehensive, relatively young discipline is all about. Drawing on all branches of biology, including behavioural ecology and neuroscience, the science of animal welfare asks three big questions: Are animals conscious? How can we assess good and bad welfare in animals? How can we use science...

Implementing service delivery systems based on the bio-psycho-social model requires a collaborative approach. The model draws attention to the genetic, physiological, psychological, social and cultural elements that influence health. At its simplest, integration ensures a person receives care that addresses multiple needs in a coordinated and efficient way. Mental health and substance use probl...

This paper investigates a pollutant abatement investment under ambiguity in a twoperiod setting. We consider there are representative consumer and firm in an economy and formulate the social welfare maximization problem. Then we numerically derive the optimal level of abatement investment. Furthermore, we analyze the comparative static effects of the model’s parameters and find an increase in t...

C hildren do best when they grow up in low-conflict families, with parents who are married to each other and who earn enough to meet their family's needs. The evidence on this is strong and widely accepted. 1 The challenge for our nation's welfare system is to determine how best to help children in families that do not have the support of both parents and that do not have enough income. About h...

malaysia, as a small and developing country, must reduce carbon emissions because the country is one of the top co2-emitting countries in the asean region. therefore, the current study implements two environmental tax policies; carbon and energy taxes, in order to examine the impacts of these policies on the reduction of carbon emission in the whole of the economy by applying a computable gener...

In the recent years, proper animal welfare practices in dairy farming have become an urgent topic to investigate sciences fields. Practices made accordance with five principles of freedom (hunger, thirst, well-being etc.), which are important for welfare, will improve levels and level product (milk yield, fertility etc.) quality. There is a multitude technologies be selected achieve practices. ...