Peptidylglycine alpha-amidating monooxygenase (PAM), the enzyme responsible for the alpha-amidation of neuroendocrine peptides, is more prevalent in the atrium of the heart than in pituitary or brain. RNase protection assays indicate that PAM transcripts account for approximately 0.5% of the mRNA in the neonatal atrium and 0.06% of the mRNA in the neonatal ventricle. In primary atrial cardiomyo...

Biopolymers are viewed as effective and eco-friendly agents in soil modification. This study focuses on the wettability analysis of polyacrylamide (PAM) solutions for soil remediation. The contact angle, surface tension, and viscosity of PAM solutions were experimentally evaluated in air- and decane-biopolymer solution systems. Furthermore, a micromodel was used to investigate the pore-scale di...

BACKGROUND In pregnancy-associated malaria (PAM), Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes (IEs) express variant surface antigens (VSA-PAM) that evade existing immunity and mediate placental sequestration. Antibodies to VSA-PAM develop with gravidity and block placental adhesion or opsonize IEs for phagocytic clearance, helping to prevent maternal anemia and low birth weight in infants. ME...

The feasibility of photoacoustic microscopy (PAM) for evaluation of angiogenesis inhibitor was investigated on a chick embryo model in vivo. Different concentrations of the angiogenesis inhibitor, Sunitinib, were applied to the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) of the chick embryos. Imaging of microvasculature in embryo CAMs was acquired using a laser-scanning PAM system; while the optical microsc...

ABSTRACTS: BACKGROUND: The carcinogenesis of colorectal cancer has been accepted by a model for a cascade of genetic alterations, named the adenoma-carcinoma sequence. In order to elucidate the carcinogenesis of the colorectal cancer more clearly, the genetic abnormalies of the non-neoplastic mucosal epithelium of the colon and rectum should be investigated. It has been speculated that colonic ...

Many semiarid and arid soils are prone to irrigation-induced erosion. Polyacrylamide (PAM) greatly reduces erosion from furrow irrigation. We hypothesized that PAM applied via sprinklers will provide erosion control and benefit water infiltration and aggregate stability. Screened (6.4 mm) Rad silt loam (coarse silty, mixed, superactive mesic Durinodic Xeric Haplocambid) was placed in 1.5 by 1.2...

A low-dose protective apoptosis-mediated (PAM) process is discussed that appears to be turned on by low-dose gamma and X rays but not by low-dose alpha radiation. PAM is a bystander effect that involves cross-talk between genomically compromised [e.g., mutants, neoplastically transformed, micronucleated] cells and nongenomically compromised cells. A novel neoplastic cell transformation model, N...

BACKGROUND Several studies have suggested that Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is responsive to treatment with bisphosphonates (BPs). However the efficacy and safety of BPs therapy for childhood LCH is unknown. PROCEDURE Data on children with LCH who had received BPs therapy were collected retrospectively from hospitals participating in the Japanese Pediatric Leukemia/Lymphoma Study Group...

Corneal neovascularization leads to blurred vision, thus in vivo visualization is essential for pathological studies in animal models. Photoacoustic (PA) imaging can delineate microvasculature and hemodynamics noninvasively, which is suitable for investigating corneal neovascularization. In this study, we demonstrate in vivo imaging of corneal neovascularization in the mouse eye by optical-reso...

TLR2 signaling participates in the pathogenesis of pneumococcal meningitis. In infant rats, the TLR2 agonist Pam(3)CysSK(4) was applied intracisternally (0.5 microg in 10 microl saline) alone or after induction of pneumococcal meningitis to investigate the effect of TLR2 activation on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) inflammation and hippocampal apoptosis. A dose effect of Pam(3)CysSK(4) on apoptosis ...