In rugged terrain subject to active geomorphological processes, the species composition of forest communities changes along topographic gradients over short distances. However, the phylogenetic structure of forests on rugged terrain has rarely been examined. Understanding such structures provides insight into community assembly rules dependent on local environmental conditions. To this end, we ...

The geomorphology and structural geology ofNemegt Uul, Southern Mongolia, is examined as an example of a mountain range that has formed within a restraining bend along a major intracontinental strike-slip fault system, the Gobi-Tien Shan fault system. Structural and geomorphological analysis demonstrates that the mountain belt is young and has been differentially tilted and eroded. A geomorphol...

Ants are abundant in most of the world's terrestrial environments. They energetic, strong for their size, numerous, and socially cooperative. play many geomorphologically important roles. In particular, they construct mounds subterranean galleries, create patterned ground, a role bioturbation, affect vegetation cover soil properties (such as infiltration rate) influence runoff erosion. also rol...

A number of indices of economic inequality have been proposed in the literature. Their constructions are based on various econometric motives and justifications such as axioms of fairness. In this paper we analize the indices stepping slightly aside from their econometric meanings and adopting a mathematical approach that treats the indices as distances – in some functional spaces – between the...

The increasing frequency and/or severity of extreme climate events are becoming increasingly apparent over multidecadal timescales at the global scale, albeit with relatively low scientific confidence. At the regional scale, scientific confidence in the future trends of extreme event likelihood is stronger, although the trends are spatially variable. Confidence in these extreme climate risks is...

â â â  chele basin is located in zagros mountains and the border between kermanshah and ilam. seems young geomorphological landforms in the region, are as a result of quaternary neotectonic activities . the purpose of this study is assessment of young morphotectonic movements influence on landform evolution in the chele basin øŒ and comparing the result with the tentative indices and geomorphic...