Background: As the second-highest country in tuberculosis (TB) cases globally, Indonesia has experienced an increasing trend of notification rate last ten years; however, 34 provinces may have different risks. This study aims to examine TB risk variation across 2010-2019.
 Methods: A descriptive analysis was conducted on routine data 2010-2019 from Ministry Health. Cases included all types...

Computer simulations of coevolutionary dynamics between two hosts and two parasites show that extensive spatial variation in polymorphism can be maintained among environmentally identical patches. Spatial variation can be maintained under frequent migration when the dynamics within patches are locally unstable, and the cycles in host and parasite abundances remain out of phase among patches. Ad...

The distributions of parasitic diseases are determined by complex factors, including many that are distributed in space. A variety of statistical methods are now readily accessible to researchers providing opportunities for describing and ultimately understanding and predicting spatial distributions. This review provides an overview of the spatial statistical methods available to parasitologist...

Hypotheses to explain phylogeographic structure traditionally invoke geographic features, but often fail to provide a general explanation for spatial patterns of genetic variation. Organisms' intrinsic characteristics might play more important roles than landscape features in determining phylogeographic structure. We developed a novel comparative approach to explore the role of ecological and l...

Patterns of size inequality in crowded plant populations are often taken to be indicative of the degree of size asymmetry of competition, but recent research suggests that some of the patterns attributed to size-asymmetric competition could be due to spatial structure. To investigate the theoretical relationships between plant density, spatial pattern, and competitive size asymmetry in determin...

Background: The nuclear medicine systems are very sensitive to the variation of the magnetic field. Photomultiplier tubes amplify low energy light signal and change it into electrical current. Low magnetic field can produce some variations in uniformity and special resolution of SPECT systems. In this study, we tried to evaluate the effects of magnetic field on the function of nuclear medic...

In this paper we explore the role that biosystematists can play in conservation planning. Conservation planning concerns the location and design of reserves that both represent the biodiversity of a region and enable the persistence of that biodiversity by maintaining key ecological and evolutionary processes. For conservation planning to be effective, quantitative targets are needed for the sp...