Preschool children at familial risk for reading disability were assessed on cognitive and linguistic variables and compared with preschoolers without familial risk. Risk children displayed performance profiles resembling those of older children with reading disability. Each group received intensive instruction in phonemic awareness and structured book reading. Instructed risk children made some...

In many intelligent tutoring systems, a detailed model of the task domain is constructed and used to provide students with assistance and direction. Reciprocal tutoring systems, however, can be constructed without needing to codify a full-blown model for each new domain. This provides various advantages: these systems can be developed rapidly and can be applied to complex domains for which deta...

This research is a descriptive study in the survey model to determine direct and indirect effects between visual perception, phonological awareness, literacy errors. The design of exploratory correlational design. 552 first-grade primary school students participated study. data were collected using measurement tools named word-sentence writing/spelling, reading According findings, perception af...

BACKGROUND In 2001, a white paper set out a commitment to ensure that people with a learning disability receive equal access to health services, with an expectation that general practices would have identified all people with a learning disability registered with the practice by June 2004. AIM To outline the development of a template to create practice-based registers of people with learning ...

Soft spelling mistakes are a class of that is widespread among native Arabic speakers and foreign learners alike. Some these typographical in nature. They occur due to orthographic variations some letters the complex rules dictate their correct usage. Many people forgo rules, given identical phonetic sounds, they often confuse such letters. In this paper, we investigate how use machine learning...