aim and background: one of the most important learning disabilities is spelling learning disability which is accompanied by memory problems and social skills. the main aim of present research was to review the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral play therapy on memory and social skills of children with spelling learning disability. methods and materials: the research method of present study w...

In transparent orthographies like German, isolated learning disabilities in either reading or spelling are common and occur as often as a combined reading and spelling disability. However, most issues surrounding the cognitive causes of these isolated or combined literacy difficulties are yet unresolved. Recently, working memory dysfunctions have been demonstrated to be promising in explaining ...

For dyslexic children spelling is usually an even more severe problem than reading, so much so that Frith (1985) has suggested that spelling problems reflect a fundamental disability of dyslexic children inthe acquisition of the 'alphabetical' stage in reading. Recent multimedia environments on personal computers permit the construction of spelling support programs which are able to use synthes...

objective: the present study aimed to evaluate the effect of parenting education on improvement of reading and writing disabilities in children. methods: a randomized controlled trial was done on primary school students with reading and writing disabilities and their mothers. the subjects were divided into three groups with 26 members in each group. the first group (mothers’ education group) re...

BACKGROUND There is little previous research examining whether measures of working memory are related to educational achievement in children with intellectual disabilities (ID). METHODS A battery of working memory and achievement measures was administered to 11- to 12-year-old children with ID; younger typically developing children of comparable mental age were also assessed. RESULTS The wo...

Spelling pronunciations are hypothesized to be helpful in building up relatively stable phonologically underpinned orthographic representations, particularly for learning words with irregular phoneme-grapheme correspondences. In a four-week computer-based training, the efficacy of spelling pronunciations and previewing the spelling patterns on learning to spell loan words in Dutch, originating ...

Assessment and evaluation are the cornerstones of the education and health fields. Assessment provides professionals with measures of educational achievement, health and functional status, and acts as an operational starting point for curricular and/or treatment planning and allows professionals to gain an understanding of the child to make informed decisions regarding education or treatment. E...