Spermatogenesis in the charophyte Nitella has been followed in antheridia prepared for light and electron microscopy. The antheridial filament cells contain paired centrioles which are similar in structure and behavior to the centrioles of animal cells. In the early spermatid, the centrioles undergo an initial elongation at their distal ends and become joined by a spindle-shaped fibrous connect...

background: nanoparticles have wide range of application while there are some reports regarding their probable effects on male reproductive system and spermatozoa. objective:  the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different doses of silver nanoparticles (agnps) (70nm) on acrosome of rat spermatozoa and number of spermatogenic cells. materials and methods:  in this experimental stu...

background: advancement in the treatment of various types of cancer has led to greater patient survival. these treatments essentially have toxic effects on different kinds of cells, such as germ cells. infertility as one of the side effects of cancer treatment has changed the quality of life of young cancer survivors dramatically. melatonin is an antioxidant with receptors in the reproductive s...

objective: evaluation of the effects of toxoplasma gondii infection on spermatogenesis in male rats. materials and methods: the rh strain of t. gondii tachyzoites were injected interaperitoneally in an infected group of 35 rats, while 21 rats were used as controls. each ten days from 10- 70 days of post-infection (pi), 5 rats from infected group and 3 rats from control group were scarified. t...

Background: Spermatogenesis associated 19 (Spata19) was introduced as a testis-specific gene that probably involved in spermatogenesis cell apoptosis. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of Spata19 inactivation on sperm count. Materials and Methods: We generated global knockout mice by CRISPR/Cas9 nickase technology. Disability validated three levels DNA, RNA, protein using PC...

This study aimed to elucidate seasonal reproductive patterns by associating the immunolocalization of steroidogenic enzymes responsible for estrogen and androgen synthesis, cytochromes P450 aromatases (P450 arom), 17-hydroxylase/17,20-lyase (P450c17) respectively, as well redox partner NADPH cytochrome oxido-reductase (CPR) in male mud turtle (Kinosternon scorpioides). The animals were collecte...

Sertoli cells are the somatic cells of the testis that are essential for testis formation and spermatogenesis. Sertoli cells facilitate the progression of germ cells to spermatozoa via direct contact and by controlling the environment milieu within the seminiferous tubules. The regulation of spermatogenesis by FSH and testosterone occurs by the action of these hormones on the Sertoli cells. Whi...

Recently, a significant understanding of the molecular mechanisms regulating spermatogenesis has been achieved utilizing small RNA molecules (small RNAs), including small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), microRNAs (miRNAs), and Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) which emerged as important regulators of gene expression at the post-transcriptional or translation level. piRNAs are only present in pachytene ...