multiple sclerosis (ms) is an inflammatory demyelinating and neurodegenerative disorder of  the  central  nervous  system (cns), which mainly affects  young adults. activated t lymphocytes promote the neuro-inflammatory cascade of ms by secreting pro-inflammatory cytokines and play a significant role in its pathogenesis. t  lymphocytes may trigger the inflammation, which in turn leads to axonal...

research about potential use of stem cells for the development of germ line cells in vitro had been challenged. in the present study, we reported a novel protocol consisting of cocktail growth factor addition for germ cell differentiation followed by transfection. the cells were purificated based on the expression on the cell surface of a protein. this protein is not present in normal cells of ...

Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are reprogrammed from somatic cells through numerous transcription factors. Human induced pluripotent stem cell approaches are developing as a hopeful strategy to improve our knowledge of genetic association studies and the underlying molecular mechanisms.  Rapid progression in stem cell therapy and cell reprogramming provides compelling reasons for its fe...

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been identified as rare cellular populations in many cancers, including leukemia and solid tumors. This minor subpopulation of cancerous cells is immortal tumor-initiating cells which thought to be responsible for cancer initiation, progression, metastasis, recurrence and drug/radiation resistance. Low proliferative rate, high self-renewing capacity, differentiatio...

Background: Mesenchymal stem cells are non-hematopoietic stromal cells that are used in the treatment of many chronic and autoimmune diseases by modulating the immune system. Due to the limitations of using autologous mesenchymal stem cells, the use of allogeneic stem cells is a promising therapeutic approach in the treatment of immunological disorders. This study aimed to investigate the abili...

introduction: adult stem cells are the group of cells which conserve their nature in tissues and organs among other cells. in recent years, the researchers reported the existence of stem cells on the bulge of hair follicles near to the smooth muscle. it is possible to differentiate these stem cells to neural cells by induction of shh, fgf, and ra factors. because of existence of these factors i...

The complexity of multiple sclerosis (MS) and the incompetence of a large number of promise treatments in MS urge us to plan new and more effective therapeutic approaches that aim to suppress ongoing autoimmune responses and induction of local endogenous regeneration. Emerging data propose that hematopoietic, mesenchymal and neural stem cells have the potential to restore self-tolerance, to pro...

Bone tissue engineering has been one of the most promising areas of research, providing a potential clinical application to cure bone defects. Recently, various stem cells, including embryonic stem cells (ESCs), bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs), umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells (UCB-MSCs), adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ADSCs), muscle-derived stem cell...