The aim of this paper is to examine the “prehistory” of E-sports from the Finnish perspective. In the context of the GamiFIN conference, we approach E-sports as a gamified form of video gaming. In particular, we study the early Finnish game championships of the 1980s and the early 1990s as well as the high score lists of Finnish computer and video game magazines. We ask the question: how did th...

This article presents the implementation of Video Assistant Referee (VAR) as an example increasingly layered mediatization sports. We argue that, while integrated into established broadcasting protocols, VAR becomes object explicit reflection and popular debate—and so, when football its TV coverage are discussed on “technologies engagement” like Twitter. Combining concept with insights from Sci...

it is possible that society and media attention to national athletes increase their narcissism. based on this possibility, this study which was descriptive and field aimed at comparing narcissism between elite and non-elite athlete students and non-athlete students. the population consisted of students of physical education and sport sciences faculties of tehran universities. 105 athlete studen...

As a crucial part of their mandate, public service media have historically used sports to construct and nurture cultural citizenship. In landscape characterised by dwindling resources growing competition from pay-TV channels on-demand streaming services, concerns about how will enhance citizenship through new platforms, including social media, are all the greater. digital age, delivering divers...

Sports are competitive, and mathematics is exam oriented and thus still competitive in nature. However, media literacy, in contrast, is an inherently unique and dynamic subject as it requires internal critical thinking as well as a need to be sensitive to external world reflections of media. Furthermore, media literacy involves being able to read media messages as well as being able to achieve ...

A recent National Labor Relations Board ruling declared Northwestern football players employees and gave them the right to unionize. This ruling is part of ongoing scrutiny of The National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA’s) model which labels college athletes as amateurs and limits player compensation to grant-in-aid (scholarships). Our paper estimates the marginal revenue product (MRP) o...

Film genres in digital video can be detected automatically. In a three-step approach we analyze first the syntactic properties of digital films: color statistics, cut detection, camera motion, object motion and audio. In a second step we use these statistics to derive at a more abstract level film style attributes such as camera panning and zooming, speech and music. These are distinguishing pr...

Unlike many other sports, running is perceived as a sport that can be easily practiced by everybody without any need for a proper technique or previous training. Moreover, once a running pose is adapted, it becomes fairly difficult to change it for good. However, audio feedback is becoming a popular method for aiding people to improve their performance in sports. Hence, the aim of this project ...