A growing body of evidence is reviewed showing that degree of handedness (consistent versus inconsistent) is a more powerful and appropriate way to classify handedness than the traditional one based on direction (right versus left). Experimental studies from the domains of episodic memory retrieval, belief updating/cognitive flexibility, risk perception, and more are described. These results su...

In previous lectures we have discussed using the general expectation maximization algorithm to find an optimal weight matrix that indicated the probability for finding a given symbol at a given location in a motif. The weight matrix model has two main limitations in its ability to describe a family of related sequences, protein or otherwise. First of all, the weight matrix only allows compariso...

A three-way array must be represented in two-way form if its structure is to be described and manipulated by means of matrix notation. Historically, two methods, here calledàrray stretching' andàrray slicing', have been used. More recently, however, array slicing has often been overlooked, resulting in a loss of mathematical flexibility. `Stretching' involves matricizing (unfolding) the three-w...

In this paper, a multivariate fundamental skew probit (MFSP) model is used to model correlated ordinal responses which are constructed from the multivariate fundamental skew normal (MFSN) distribution originate to the greater flexibility of MFSN. To achieve an appropriate VC structure for reaching reliable statistical inferences, many types of variance covariance (VC) structures are considered ...

It is becoming increasingly apparent that the vast blue expanse of ocean—the last frontier—is not as inexhaustible as it once seemed. While we have yet to fully explore the reaches of the sea, technology has granted humans the ability to harvest its wealth. We can now fi sh anywhere, at any depth, for any species. Like the American frontier range’s bison and wolf populations brought to the brin...

Economic integration between North and South Korea occurs through three modalities: traditional arm’s-length trade and investment, processing on commission (POC) trade, and operations within the Kaesong Industrial Complex (KIC). In order, these three modalities are characterized by decreasing exposure of South Korean fi rms to North Korean policy and infrastructure. Th rough a survey of 200 Sou...

Different subregions of nucleus accumbens (NAc) have been implicated in reward seeking, promoting flexible approach responses, suppressing nonrewarded actions, and facilitating shifts between different discrimination strategies. Interestingly, the NAc does not appear to mediate shifting between stimulus-reward associations (i.e., reversal learning) when reinforcement is predictable. How these n...

the cúk converter, which has voltage buck and boost ability, offers high flexibility as an interface device for solar panels. in addition, current ripple can be more reduced because of two input and output inductors at both sides. this paper presents a new application of current-variable inductors in a cúk converter that reduces the size and capacity of storage elements. because of two inductor...

The Existence of crack in a structure leads to local flexibility and changes  the stiffness and dynamic behavior of the structure. The dynamic behavior of the cracked structure depends on the depth and the location of the crack. Hence, the changes in the dynamic behavior in the structure due to the crack can be used for identifying the location and depth of the crack. In this study the first th...

MOTIVATION Comparing protein tertiary structures is a fundamental procedure in structural biology and protein bioinformatics. Structure comparison is important particularly for evaluating computational protein structure models. Most of the model structure evaluation methods perform rigid body superimposition of a structure model to its crystal structure and measure the difference of the corresp...