Many philosophers hold that all dispositions must have independent causal bases. I challenge this view, hence defending the possibility of bare dispositions. In part 1, I explain more fully what I mean by "disposition," "causal basis," and "bare disposition." In part 2, I consider the claim that the concept of a disposition entails that dispositions are not bare. dispositions necessarily have d...

The main claim of this paper is that a general theory of what has been called ‘‘expletive’’ negation in subordinate clauses should allow for the possibility of it occurring without being licensed by negative predicates, and more crucially that, contrary to the traditional term ‘‘expletive’’, this type of negation is not semantically void. Thus I propose to term this type of negation Evaluative ...

Among the many grammatical features which are shared between Hiw and Lo-Toga – the two Oceanic languages spoken in the Torres Islands of Vanuatu – are the semantics of Tense-AspectMood markers, and their effects on the syntax of clause dependency. Even though these two languages possess a wealth of subordinators such as conjunctions or relativizers, two TAM markers show a clear propensity, in f...

This study aims to document the variation of a minor imperative construction in five varieties Spanish and four discursive genres, represent this by proposing constructional network that recognizes different degrees abstraction form schemas subschemas. Our data comes from (Argentinian, Caribbean, Chilean, Mexican Peninsular) genres: two spoken (conversations interviews) written (novels news rep...

“Borrowing” is a lingual process that is studied in diachronic linguistics. In this process a language borrows elements from another language. This process usually occurs in areas that two languages make contact with each other. In a dialect spoken in South Khorasan the language borrowing happens. Arabs living in this part of Iran probably have immigrated in the early centuries of Islam. In thi...