1 Activation of the antiviral prodrug oseltamivir is impaired by two newly identified carboxylesterase 1 variants Hao-Jie Zhu and John S. Markowitz Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences (H.J.Z., J.S.M.), Laboratory of Drug Disposition and Pharmacogenetics (H.J.Z., J.S.M.), Charles P. Darby Children’s Research Institute, Medical University of South Carolina DMD Fast Forward. Publi...

We evaluated 49 swine industry workers and 79 nonexposed controls for antibodies to swine influenza viruses. Multivariate modeling showed that workers who seldom used gloves (odds ratio [OR] 30.3) or who smoked (OR 18.7) most frequently had evidence of previous H1N1 swine virus. These findings may be valuable in planning for pandemic influenza.

The full-genome sequence of A/swine/Henan/1/2010, a strain of influenza A virus isolated in central China, was determined. Phylogenetic analyses show that its eight genomic segments are human-like, and some of its segments have appeared in swine H1N2, swine H1N1, and human H1N2 influenza viruses.

Exposure to swine dust causes intense airway inflammation with multifold increase in inflammatory cells and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines. This in vitro study focuses on the swine-dust activation of lymphocytes in whole blood, in phagocyte-depleted whole blood and in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), in order to investigate whether phagocytic cells and/or soluble mediators ar...

Copyright: © 2013. The Authors. Licensee: AOSIS OpenJournals. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License. The histories of the two swine fevers in southern Africa differ widely. Classical swine fever (hog cholera) has been known in the northern hemisphere since 1830 and it is probable that early cases of ‘swine fever’ in European settlers’ pigs in southern Africa were ...

BACKGROUND Human-to-swine transmission of the pandemic H1N1 2009 [A(H1N1)pdm09] virus in pig populations resulted in reassortment events with endemic swine influenza viruses worldwide. OBJECTIVE We investigated whether A(H1N1)pdm09-derived reassortant viruses are present in South Korea and sought to determine the pathogenic potential of the novel swine viruses. METHODS Pig lung tissues were...

Multiple genetically and antigenically distinct hemagglutinin genes of the H1 and H3 influenza A virus (IAV) subtypes co-circulate in North American swine. This diversity has evolved by repeated transmission of IAVs from humans to swine and subsequent antigenic drift in swine. To understand the evolutionary dynamics of these diverse HA lineages in North American swine, we undertook a phylogenet...

The goal of this study was to evaluate methanogen diversity in animal hosts to develop a swine-specific archaeal molecular marker for fecal source tracking in surface waters. Phylogenetic analysis of swine mcrA sequences compared to mcrA sequences from the feces of five animals (cow, deer, sheep, horse, and chicken) and sewage showed four distinct swine clusters, with three swine-specific clade...

Intestinal parasites of swine are still present under conditions of modern swine management and can have a significant impact on growth rate and feed efficiency. Diagnosis of intestinal parasites can be accomplished by demonstrating adult parasites in feces or at necropsy, and by demonstrating eggs in feces. This article details a protocol for sampling fecal material to diagnose intestinal para...