BACKGROUND Bacterial pneumonia is a well described complication of influenza. In recent years, community-onset methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (cMRSA) infection has emerged as a contributor to morbidity and mortality in patients with influenza. Since the emergence and rapid dissemination of pandemic A(H1N1)2009 influenzavirus in April 2009, initial descriptions of the clinical featu...

Undernutrition or malnutrition adversely affects host defenses against many invading microorganisms, thereby increasing the severity of infection. Studies of RNA viruses (e.g., coxsackievirus B and influenzavirus) have shown that selenium or vitamin E deficiency in mice increases disease severity and results in stable genomic changes in the virus that increase virulence. Changes in H3N2 influen...

Many respiratory viruses cause morbidity in young children, but a licensed vaccine and effective oral therapy are available only for influenzavirus. To determine the incidence of laboratory-confirmed influenza illness, we prospectively followed up 1665 healthy children aged <5 years who were enrolled in the Vanderbilt Vaccine Clinic at some point from 1974 through 1999. Viral cultures were obta...

Infectious salmon anaemia virus (ISAV), an orthomyxovirus-like virus, is an important fish pathogen in marine aquaculture. Virus neutralization of 24 ISAV isolates in the TO cell line using rabbit antisera to the whole virus and comparative sequence analysis of their haemagglutinin (HA) genes have allowed elaboration on the variation of ISAV isolates. The 24 viruses were neutralized to varying ...

in this survey 45 carnivores including 14 jackals, 23 stray dogs, 2 foxes, 2 domestic cats, 1 wild cat, 2 swine and 1 wolf were collected. on post-mortem examination, 84% carcases were infected and 13 zoonotic helminth species were recovered. dirofilaria immitis was the most commonly parasite and toxocara canis showed the highest intensity of infection. one species from swine and two helminth s...