Data from the annual, seasonal, and hourly behavior of the criteria air pollutants CO, NO2, SO2, O3, and PM10 in three Mexican metropolitan areas (the Mexico City Metropolitan Area (MCMA), Guadalajara Metropolitan Area (GMA), and Monterrey Metropolitan Area (MMA)) over the period 2000–2011 were analyzed; and compliance with Mexican air quality standards was evaluated, highlighting causes of spe...

OBJECTIVE To determine whether medical graduates who spent their intern year at a non-metropolitan hospital were more likely to practise outside metropolitan areas on completion of training than were interns in metropolitan hospitals. DESIGN Retrospective follow-up of doctors who held year-long internships at a non-metropolitan hospital and interns from metropolitan hospitals. SETTING Balla...

We describe the architecture and design of an optical WDM ring network suited to local, campus and metropolitan area applications. The proposed architecture is flexible and robust, is compatible with existing local and metropolitan area network standards, has the potential for low-cost implementation and offers an elegant upgrade path to larger numbers of nodes and higher bit rates. We discuss ...

Physical activity is an important health determinant for people’s quality of life and well-being. This study intends to (1) identify how the practice physical fits into families’ daily lives; (2) verify what extent influenced by urban model, family composition, perceptions. A survey was applied 410 families (corresponding 1006 individuals) in Lisbon Metropolitan Area (LMA), Portugal, focusing o...

Emerging high-speed metropolitan Ethernets create new opportunities to save costs when converging data and telephony services. However, connecting GSM and UMTS base stations over metropolitan Ethernets require these networks to meet stringent QoS requirements in the presence of bursty data traffic. To investigate this problem, we have probed ETH’s campus network, which spans the metropolitan ar...

in the new societies, the women’s gender identity affected by the external atmosphere, communal relationships, as well as life experiences is constantly changing.  in terms of sociology, the type of the division of atmosphere is the reflection of the social relationship dominant on the society and it is considered as an index towards the mode of the organization of society as well as a foundati...

Noise pollution is a major problem for the quality of life in urban areas. The present study was conducted to determine the noise levels of road traffic at central area of Tehran. It focused on one of the busy and crowded square along with its 7 connecting streets, which had a heavy traffic and located in the downtown of the city. Total of 115 measuring points were selected along the roads, pav...