The goals of transmission pricing are brieey reviewed and discussed. We focus on the goals of short-term operational ee-ciency and of long-term incentives for investment in transmission capital equipment, and on the potential connict between these goals. We ignore the issues of allocation of xed costs and stranded investment. Some of the counter-intuitive aspects of optimal short-term pricing (...

investment shows a combination of demand of firms and supply household savings and due to the volatile nature reflects short-term fluctuations in the economy of any country. this study examines the effect of abundance natural resources on private sector investment through the economic freedom and five main index (government's size, the structure of property rights, access to sound money, f...

Flexible manufacturing systems (FMS) are distinguished by the use of computer control in place of the hard automation usually found in transfer lines. The high investment required for a FMS and the potential of FMS as a strategic competitive tool make it attractive to engage in research in this area. This paper presents a review of literature concerning the operations aspect of FMS. Articles em...

This commentary considers the positive and negative consequences of early economic modelling and explores potential future directions. Early economic modelling offers device manufacturers an opportunity to assess the potential value of an innovation at an early stage of development. Early modelling can direct resources into potentially viable technologies and reduce inv...

Since the 1960s, rapid development of institutional investors is a prominent feature of global financial market. In china, full circulation of stock will realize after the completion of Split Share Structure Reform. Under the circumstance of institutional investors holding a large scale of stock, will they change their invest style? Whether they place more emphasis on value investment and conce...

in this study, considering the importance of incremental capital output ratio (icor) in agriculture investment capital and self-sufficiency in this sector in order to grow and being influenced by the past and previous relationships strong agricultural sector productivity growth in other sectors of the economy, especially the effect of oil revenues, was trying to, long-term relationships as well...

The large-scale acquisition of land by investors intensified following the 2007/2008 triple crises food, energy, and finance. In years that followed, tens millions hectares were leased or sold for agricultural investment. This phenomenon has resulted in a growing body scholarship seeks to explain trends, institutional regimes, impacts, variety actors involved, among other subtopics, such as imp...

This paper assesses the different structures of investment finance in the main EMU member economies, using the BACH database of balance sheet data, aggregated by firm size. Two main sets of results are obtained. First, each country/size class group is characterised using the net sources and uses of finance methodology. The importance of long-term debt as a source of investment finance, and its ...