Salmonella Typhi asymptomatic chronic carriage represents a challenge for the diagnosis and prevention of typhoid fever in endemic areas. Such carriers are thought to be reservoirs for further spread of the disease. Gallbladder carriage has been demonstrated to be mediated by biofilm formation on gallstones and by intracellular persistence in the gallbladder epithelium of mice. In addition, bot...

BACKGROUND Kingella kingae is currently recognized as a significant pathogen of the pediatric population. Nevertheless, the possibility for adults to serve as a reservoir of healthy carriers has not been studied. METHOD We conducted a monocentric transversal study on 228 healthy adults to define the carriage rate. Participants were recruited among the staff of a children's hospital, a populat...

BACKGROUND Staphylococcus aureus is a common human pathogen that can colonise the respiratory tract and cause infection. Here we investigate the risk factors associated with nasopharyngeal carriage of S. aureus (including methicillin-resistant S. aureus [MRSA]) in Vietnam. METHODS Between February and June 2012, nasal and pharyngeal swabs for S. aureus culture, and demographic and socioeconom...

In some multi-attribute decision making (MADM) problems, various relationships among the decision attributes should be considered. This paper investigates the prioritization relationship of attributes in MADM with trapezoidal intuitionistic fuzzy numbers (TrIFNs). TrIFNs are a special intuitionistic fuzzy set on a real number set and have the better capability to model ill-known quantities. Fir...

The relationship between carriage and the development of invasive meningococcal disease is not fully understood. We investigated the changes in meningococcal carriage in 892 military recruits in Finland during a nonepidemic period (July 2004 to January 2006) and characterized all of the oropharyngeal meningococcal isolates obtained (n = 215) by using phenotypic (serogrouping and serotyping) and...

in this paper we introduce two-wavelet constants for square integrable representations of homogeneous spaces. we establishthe orthogonality relations for square integrable representationsof homogeneous spaces which give rise to the existence of aunique self adjoint positive operator on the set of admissiblewavelets. finally, we show that this operator is a constant multiple of identity operator...

The state of pneumococcal carriage-that is, pneumococcal colonization in the nasopharynx of healthy persons-represents a reservoir for the spread of pneumococci among individuals. In light of the introduction of new pneumococcal conjugate vaccines, further knowledge on the dynamics of pneumococcal carriage is important. Different serotypes (strains) of pneumococcus are known to compete with eac...

BACKGROUND Staphylococcus aureus (SA) is a leading cause of infectious diseases in sports teams. In recent decades, community-associated SA (CA-SA) strains have emerged worldwide and have been responsible for outbreaks in sports teams. There are very few data on the prevalence of these strains in France, and none on the carriage among athletes. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study to ...

Streptococcus pneumoniae pilus islet-1 (PI-1)-encoded pilus enhances in vitro adhesion to the respiratory epithelium and may contribute to pneumococcal nasopharyngeal colonization and transmission. The pilus subunits are regarded as potential protein vaccine candidates. In this study, we sought to determine PI-1 prevalence in carried pneumococcal isolates and explore its relationship with trans...