[1] Visibility was used as a long-term indicator of atmospheric haze caused by peat fires on the peat land area of the island of Sumatra, Indonesia. Visibility and the anomalies of sea surface temperature in the Niño 3.4 region from 1973 to 2003 were analyzed. A significant linear relationship existed between the visibility and time, and the two signals shared two periodic components of 45 mont...

In many parts of the world, climate projections for the next century depend on potential changes in the properties of the El Niño – Southern Oscillation (ENSO). The current staus of these projections is assessed by examining a large set of climate model experiments prepared for the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Firstly, the patterns and time series o...

The changes in model ENSO behavior due to an increase in greenhouse gases (according to the IPCC Business-As-Usual scenario) are investigated using a 62 member ensemble 140-year simulation (1940–2080) with the National Center for Atmospheric Research Community Climate System Model (CCSM, version 1.4). Although the global mean surface temperature increases by about 1.2 K over the period 2000–208...

Streamflow responses to the El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon in the tropical Pacific are detectable in many regions. During warm-tropical El Niño and cool-tropical La Niña episodes, streamflows are affected throughout the Americas and Australia, in northern Europe, and in parts of Africa and Asia. In North and South America, correlations between peakflow season streamflows and sea...

We examine the use of El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) forecasts for flood planning in the Pacific Northwest. Using theories of resource mobilization as a conceptual foundation, the paper relies on: 1) case studies of three communities vulnerable to flooding that have had access to long-term forecasts of ENSO conditions; and 2) analysis of data collected from a survey of nearly 60 local emer...

The El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is an interannual phenomenon involved the tropical Pacific Ocean-atmosphere interactions. The oscillatory nature of ENSO requires both positive and negative ocean-atmosphere feedbacks. The positive feedback is dated back to Bjerknes' hypothesis in the 1960s, and different negative feedbacks have been proposed since the 1980s associated with the delayed os...

Intraspecific life history attributes of growth, survival, and reproduction can vary in response to changes in the physical environment. These changes can induce a cascading effect across trophic levels. In marine systems, shifts in ocean conditions such as warm and cold phases of ENSO can change primary production in benthic algae, which in turn modify resources available to benthic omnivores....

[1] This study speculates that the low-frequency ENSO might have a regulating effect on the activity of episodic westerly wind bursts (WWB) in the western equatorial Pacific (WEP) based upon the analysis of two contrasting El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phases during the 1996–2000 period and the onset of the 1982 El Niño. It suggests that rPWEP, the equatorial sea level pressure (SLP) grad...