Stochastic, processes can be stationary or nonstationary. They depend on the magnitude of shocks. In other words, in an auto regressive model of order one, the estimated coefficient is not constant. Another finding of this paper is the relation between estimated coefficients and residuals. We also develop a catastrophe and chaos theory for change of roots from stationary to a nonstationary one ...

climate change around the world is now a reality that has adverse effects on the environment and human health. there is little information about the effect of climate change on food systems, especially seafood from the farm to the table. the aim of this study was to review the fundamental effects of climate change on seafood safety and human health. climate change is expected to increase chemic...

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of cleaning procedures for air-abraded zirconia after contamination with two silicone disclosing agents. Air-abraded zirconia ceramic specimens (IPS e.max ZirCAD) were contaminated with either GC Fit Checker white or GC Fit Checker II. Untreated zirconia specimens were used as control. Afterwards the surfaces were cleaned either with water...

This research was conducted to develop flowable slurry containing fibrous residuals from pulp and paper mills. Two types of flowable slurry containing ASTM Class C fly ash were produced: fly ash slurry and sandy slurry. Often, the fly ash slurry made without fibrous residuals showed a tendency to set rapidly, and become unworkable. When the cement-to-fly ash ratio was increased to extend the ti...

Non-volatile residuals of newly formed atmospheric particles in the boreal forest M. Ehn, T. Petäjä, W. Birmili, H. Junninen, P. Aalto, and M. Kulmala Division of Atmospheric Sciences, Department of Physical Sciences, P.O. Box 64, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland Leibniz-Institute for Tropospheric Research, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany Received: 11 September 2006 – Accepted:...

We give a concise introduction to some recent developments of Krylov subspace methods (in particular, the method of minimal residuals) and tendencies in the design and analysis of good preconditioners.

Results of a simulation study of the fit of data to an estimated parametric model are reported. Three particular models including the two-parameter normal and exponential distributions, and the simple linear regression model are considered. A number of scaled versions of the least squares residuals from the regression model, and quantities that may be called residuals from the other two models ...