While risk assessment models attempt to predict human risk to toxicant exposure, in many cases these models cannot account for the wide variety of human responses. This review addresses several primary sources of heterogeneity that may affect individual responses to drug or toxicant exposure. Consideration was given to genetic polymorphisms, age-related factors during development and senescence...

a study was conducted on six years old trees of almond, shahroud cv. (no. 18), in a three-year trial (2002-04) at mashhad agricultural research station. the experiment was done on the basis of completely randomized desigh with four replications. in the first and second years of the experiment, ethephon was sprayed in 15 and 20 days before the common time of harvesting, respectively. the concent...

The bivalves resist against such unwanted conditions by its own way and try to minimize the effect of the altered situation by removing the toxicant or made it simple by biotransformation. Effects of toxicants result from their interaction with certain receptors of the organisms. Thus the impact of toxicant is exerted not only on cell but also on the cell content. Different toxicants affect the...

to study effect of fe and zn spraying on some characteristics of mungbean, an experiment was designed as factorial based on randomized complete block with three replications in urmia university, 2012. treatments were nutrition systems (organic, chemical, integrated and no nutrition) and micronutrients (fe, zinc, no foliar application and water spraying). the plant height, pod length, number of ...

Heap spraying is a security attack that increases the exploitability of memory corruption errors in type-unsafe applications. In a heap-spraying attack, an attacker coerces an application to allocate many objects containing malicious code in the heap, increasing the success rate of an exploit that jumps to a location within the heap. Because heap layout randomization necessitates new forms of a...

BACKGROUND Government-administered adulticiding is frequently conducted in response to dengue transmission worldwide. Anecdotal evidence suggests that spraying may create a "false sense of security" for residents. Our objective was to determine if there was an association between residents' reporting outdoor spatial insecticide spraying as way to prevent dengue transmission and both their repor...

The software is used modularity and qeneric idea,realize target recongnition and accurately spraying, it consist of five modules: module of image process, module of identifing the crop from the background of elaphic, module of target recongnition and classification of treatment, module of intelligent decision-making and helpness. Image process is made of distortion adjustment,gray strengthen, n...

In this research, the acclimatized in vitro plants were transferred to the aeroponic system and the effects of paclobutrazol (PBZ) and jasmonic acid (JA) were investigated on the production of potato (Solanum tuberosum L. cvs Agria and Svalan) minitubers. Some plant characteristics were also investigated in this cultivation system, under greenhouse conditions. Plants were foliar sprayed with PB...

Changes in animal movement (frequency or speed of locomotion) following exposure to a toxicant are frequently considered a biomarker of contaminant exposure and are some of the most widely reported behavioral results in toxicological literature. However, the ecological consequences of such behavioral changes, such as effects on toxicant transfer in foodwebs, are far less well understood, compli...