The extension of the Leitmann-Schmitendorf advertising game to n players and positive time discounting is investigated. We show that the strong time consistency of the open-loop Nash equilibrium is preserved. As to optimal controls, while the boundary solution is unaffected by the number of firms as well as discounting, the inner solution depends on industry structure. The fully symmetric versi...

This paper estimates a dynamic empirical model for Japan’s business fixed investment. A multivariate cointegration analysis of Japan’s time series data over the past two decades shows that the term spread (the difference between long-term and short-term interest rates) and various diffusion indices in the Bank of Japan’s business survey tend to synchronise with fixed investment. The term spread...

Medical mobilities offer both opportunities and challenges. This tension follows the same ratio as many other historic fora, but offers at the same time a sustainable equilibrium. Multi-disciplines are, therefore, the key to the medical lifeworld for the global health and well-being of transnational health users around the globe.

background: this study consists of two parts. the first part deals with both qualitative and quantitative analysis of 226ra using alpha spectrometry measurement method. in the second part, the percentage of radioactive equilibrium between 226 ra and its daughter products were determined by alpha spectrometry and total alpha measurement system after elapsed time of 15 days from precipitation. ma...

Background and purpose: Dyes are one of the main pollutants in the various industrial wastewaters. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the biosorption of acid red 18 dyes from aqueous solutions by brown macroalgae biomass “Sargassum glaucescens.” Materials and Methods: This research was a lab study. S. glaucescens was used as an adsorbent to remove acid red 18. The effect...

A new time contour is used to derive real-time thermal field theory. Unlike previous path integral approaches, no contributions to the generating functional are dropped. PACS number: 11.10-z In the path integral approach to equilibrium thermal field theories, one is calculating thermal expectation values, typically ΓC(τ1, τ2, ..., τN) = Tr{eΦ−βHTCφ1(τ1)φ2(τ2)...φN(τN )}/Tr{eΦ−βH}. (1) Here Tc i...

Nano-ZnO was employed for the adsorption of 4C2NP from aqueous solutions in batch equilibriumexperiments to investigate its adsorption properties. The quantity of 4C2NP adsorbed onto nano- ZnOsurface was measured by UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The effects of contact time, adsorbent dose, pH, andinitial concentration of 4C2NP were investigated. The adsorption found to be strongly influenced by all...

The Lyapunov stability method is the most popular and applicable stability analysis tool of nonlinear dynamic systems. However, there are some bottlenecks in the Lyapunov method, such as need for negative definiteness of the Lyapunov function derivative in the direction of the system’s solutions. In this paper, we develop a new theorem to dispense the need for negative definite-ness of Lyapunov...