A variant of the encoder architecture, where units at the input and output layers represent nodes on a graph. is applied to the task of mapping locations to sets of neighboring locations. The degree to which the resuIting internal (i.e. hidden unit) representations reflect global properties of the environment depends upon several parameters of the learning procedure. Architectural bottlenecks. ...

tion using a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). For structure or angioarchitecture examination of AVM, the structure of its nidus must be defined accurately which may be achieved only by selective angiography. Finally, an impeccable microcatheter embolization must be carried out. Various topographic and angiographic factors are very important for choosing either surgical or endovascular treatmen...

Although biodiversity gradients have been widely documented, the factors governing broad-scale patterns in species richness are still a source of intense debate and interest in ecology, evolution, and conservation biology. Here, we tested whether spatial hypotheses (species-area effect, topographic heterogeneity, mid-domain null model, and latitudinal effect) explain the pattern of diversity ob...

The mapping function w = k log(z + a) is a widely accepted approximation to the topographic structure of primate V1 foveal and parafoveal regions. A better model, at the cost of an additional parameter, captures the full field topographic map in terms of the dipole map function w = k log[(z + a)/(z + b)]. However, neither model describes topographic shear since they are both explicitly complex-...

Soil total nitrogen (STN) and total phosphorus (STP) are important indicators of soil nutrients and the important indexes of soil fertility and soil quality evaluation. Using geographic information system (GIS) and geostatistics, the spatial heterogeneity distribution of STN and STP in the Yaoxiang watershed in a hilly area of northern China was studied. The results showed that: (1) The STN and...

Raster-based topographic maps are commonly used in geoinformation systems to overlay geographic entities on top of digital terrain models. Using compressed texture formats for encoding topographic maps allows reducing latency times while visualizing large geographic datasets. Topographic maps encompass high-frequency content with large uniform regions, making current compressed texture formats ...

The mapping function w = k log(z + a) is a widely accepted approximation to the topographic structure of primate V1 foveal and parafoveal regions. A better model, at the cost of an additional parameter, captures the full field topographic map in terms of the dipole map function w = k log[(z + a)/(z + b)]. However, neither model describes topographic shear since they are both explicitly complex-...

Topographic and overcomplete representations of natural images/videos are important problems in computational neuroscience. We propose a new method using both topographic and overcomplete representations of natural images, showing emergence of properties similar to those of complex cells in primary visual cortex (V1). This method can be considered as an extension of model in Hyvärinen et al. [T...

We investigated two approaches for large-scale analysis and prediction of the spatial distribution of soil properties in an agricultural landscape in the Canadian prairies. The first approach was based on the implementation of nine types of digital terrain models (DTMs) and regression analysis of soil and topographic data. The second approach used a concept of accumulation, transit, and dissipa...