The explosive growth of data-traffic, for example due to the popularity of the Internet, poses important emerging network requirements on today’s telecommunication networks. This paper describes how core networks will evolve to Optical Transport Networks (OTNs), which are optimised for the transport of data-traffic, resulting in a IP-directly-over-OTN paradigm. Special attention is paid to the ...

Our novel Call Admission Control (CAC) scheme [1], [2] determines the number of Expedited Forwarding (EF ) (Premium) flows accepted, based on e2e available bandwidth measurement. However, it does not control the number of flows that could be accepted at a node or over a link along a selected routing path for an EF flow. Hence we complemented the functionality of CAC with original traffic manage...

In recent years, UML has become most popular among modeling languages and is commonly used to drive the design and implementation of system and software architectures. UML models help to achieve functional and non-functional requirements of system. Furthermore, UML tools have enabled the creation of source code from UML diagrams in order to initiate the programming phase of building software. H...

Long Term Evolution (LTE) constitutes the next-generation cellular network beyond 3G that is designed to support the explosion in demand for bandwidth-hungry multimedia services in wireless networks by providing an extremely high performance radio-access technology. To support Multimedia Broadcast/Multicast Services (MBMS), LTE offers the functionality to transmit MBMS over Single Frequency Net...

As mobile data traffic increases, and the number of services provided by the mobile network increases, service load flows as well, which requires changing in the principles, models, and strategies for media transmission streams serving to guarantee the given nature of giving a wide scope of services in Flexible and cost-effective. Right now, the fundamental question remains what number of netwo...

a total of 38, 300 traffic collisions have occurred in tehran, the capital of iran, during 1973. 5, 655 of these collisions in 6, 700 injuries and 560 deaths are selected and discussed. there has been no difference between the accident rates in working and holidays. winter has had the lowest rate, and accidents have been in direct relationship with the crowdedness and heavy traffic periods. nin...

the police are competent and always present contact persons who have direct knowledge and experience and act as role models in the area of road traffic. one of the focuses of police work is to increase tolerance and consideration, especially for more vulnerable road users. the priorities of the police are geared at emphasizing how relevant and appropriate the decisions made by road traffic auth...

short-term traffic flow forecasting plays a significant role in the intelligent transportation systems (its), especially for the traffic signal control and the transportation planning research. two mainly problems restrict the forecasting of urban freeway traffic parameters. one is the freeway traffic changes non-regularly under the heterogeneous traffic conditions, and the other is the success...

today, the number of drivers and traffic users is increasing. so, it is necessary to know that the human factor has the most important factor in the traffic. thus, any behavior change or fault that arises from human factor (for example drivers) can have inappropriate impacts on the traffic. so, it is important that traffic users be trained about the effectiveness and attention to the traffic si...