Traditional distributed amplification techniques have allowed for high gain and bandwidth at the expense of low efficiency. The decreased efficiency is primarily due to the existence of an actively loaded artificial transmission line as the output, resulting in backward wave propagation. Using the same traditional input line distributed techniques to achieve high bandwidth, this research has ex...

abstract this study addresses two dimensional infiltration from irrigated furrows. the basic approach is to develop a two-dimensional infiltration as a combination of the corresponding one-dimensional vertical and an edge effect. the edge effect is the difference between the cumulative infiltration per unit of adjusted wetting perimeter and the corresponding one-dimensional infiltration. this a...

background: taenia multiceps is a cestode parasite with its larval stage(metacestode), coenurus cerebralis , mainly encysts in the central nervous system of sheep and other livestock causing cerebralis coenurosis. since treatment of coenurosis with chemotherapy showed little effect and surgical removal of cysts is not advisable in field conditions, vaccination is useful to control coenurosis. p...

Gain Clamped Semiconductor Optical Amplifier (GC-SOA), All Optical flip flop (AOff), Distributed bragg reflector (DBR), bistability property ABSTRACT In this article, the effect of coupling coefficient variations on an all optical Flip Flop performance based on gain clamped semiconductor optical amplifier according to distributed bragg reflectors by extensive band model of wave diffusion in tim...

We investigate pulse shaping and optimization for a laser amplifier. Due to the complex character of the nonlinear PDE dynamics involved in the laser model, it is of interest to consider non-model based methods for pulse shaping. We determine input pulse shapes for an unknown laser dynamics model using iterative learning control (ILC) and infinite-dimensional extremum seeking (ES), which is a r...

Performance characteristics of a fundamental cyclotron harmonic, distributed-loss, TE01-mode gyrotron traveling-wave amplifier are studied theoretically. Absolute instabilities on both lower and higher order modes at the fundamental and second cyclotron harmonic frequencies present a severe limitation to the stable operating current and hence the device capability. General methods for stabilizi...

We have simulated a magnetite nanoparticle based ferrofluid using Monte Carlo method. Two and three dimensional Monte Carlo simulations have been done using parallel computing technique. The aggregation and rearrangement of nanoparticles embedded in a liquid carrier have been studied in various particle volume fractions. Our simulation results are in complete agreement with the reported experim...

the present paper offers a meso-scale numerical model to investigate the effects of random distribution of aggregate particles and steel fibers on the elastic modulus of steel fiber reinforced concrete (sfrc). meso-scale model distinctively models coarse aggregate, cementitious mortar, and interfacial transition zone (itz) between aggregate, mortar, and steel fibers with their respective materi...

external amplifier was able to detect the sound waves from microphone on speaker and oscilloscope. The maximum amplitude of output speech signal of amplifier is 45 mV, and the maximum output of MEMS microphone is 1.125 µV.