Due to the adverse impact of seaborne sulfur emissions on coastal areas, Ministry Transport People’s Republic China is planning implement a 0.1% cap bunker fuel in domestic emission control area (DECA) 1 January 2025. As current DECA width only 12 NM, ships can bypass reduce use high-priced ultra-low oil (ULSFO) and thus save costs. The purpose this study first assess effect China’s 12-NM-wide ...

The transportation network design problem (NDP) with multiple objectives and demand uncertainty was originally formulated as a spectrum of stochastic multi-objective programming models in a bi-level programming framework. Solving these stochastic multi-objective NDP (SMONDP) models directly requires generating a family of optimal solutions known as the Pareto-optimal set. For practical implemen...

The multi-level programming problems are attractive for many researchers because of their application in several areas such as economic, traffic, finance, management, transportation, information technology, engineering and so on. It has been proven that even the general bi-level programming problem is an NP-hard problem, so the multi-level problems are practical and complicated problems therefo...

Many organizations have recognized the importance of increasing commitment towards delivering longterm success of Business Intelligence (BI). However, effective BI strategies and governance to accommodate the rapid growth of data volumes are still scarce. Furthermore, there appears to be low usage rates of BI and analytics among business users. Consequently, many organizations are still positio...

the problem of crack identification in continuous beam like structures is considered. the cracks’ locations and their depths are identified by employing experimental modal test results performed on the structure. the cracks are modeled using generic elements to include the coupling effects between shear forces and bending moments at the crack section. in the identification procedure eigen- sens...

The defected ground structure (DGS) is one such technique which where intentionally modified to enhance the performance of the ground plane metal of a microstrip circuit. Importantly, in microwave application, the DGS plays an important role in analyzing the effect of surface and leaky waves. During the time of experimental analysis, the surface and leaky waves are affected by the propagation u...