risk and uncertainty in agricultural activities are being considered by agricultural producers as main obstacle in adopting new technologies and also mentioned as a hinder for the new agricultural investment. risk management is important and should be taken into account since uncertainty is inherent in the price and production as well as income of the farmers. in this paper, we study the role o...

one of the most important issues in the management of production is select the best option for each production activity, so that the time and cost of production is minimal and quality is the maximum. considering to the large number of activities and options for each activity, usually, this choice does not have a unique solution and can be used the utility function and assign weights to time, co...

It is recognised that there is a need for a proper treatment and transparency of uncertainty in risk assessment and management, especially in view of the upcoming proposed new chemical policy REACH, which delegates the responsibility for conducting risk assessments to industry. The current EU risk assessment for new and existing substances is largely deterministic and prudential measures are im...