BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Vascular causes of dementia are increasing in importance because of the aging of the population. Biological markers to distinguish patients with vascular dementia (VaD) from Alzheimer disease (AD) would be very useful. Because cerebrovascular disease increases expression of brain matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitors to metalloproteinases (TIMPs), we hypo...

INTRODUCTION Vibroacoustic disease (VAD) is the whole-body pathology caused by excessive exposure to LFN. For the past 25 years, it has been know that low frequency noise (LFN, < 500 Hz, including infrasound) targets the respiratory system. In LFN-exposed rodents, the morphological changes of respiratory tract tissue partially explained some respiratory symptoms reported by VAD patients. Howeve...

We discuss techniques for Voice Activity Detection (VAD) for Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP). VAD aids in reducing bandwidth requirement of a voice session thereby using bandwidth efficiently. Such a scheme would be implemented in the application Layer. Thus the VAD is independent of the lower layers in the network stack [3]. In this paper, we compare four time-domain VAD algorithms in term...

BACKGROUND Vertebral artery dissection (VAD) is often associated with trauma or occurs spontaneously, inevitably causing some neurological deficits. Even though acute infection can be related to the development of spontaneous VAD (sVAD), VAD associated with viral meningitis has never been reported in the literature. CASE PRESENTATION A 42-year-old man with fever, sore throat, and runny nose d...

Vascular dementia (VaD) is a clinical syndrome that encompasses a wide spectrum of cognitive disorders caused by cerebrovascular disease. The subcortical ischemic form of VaD is clinically homogeneous and a major cause of cognitive impairment in the elderly. Vascular lesions contribute to cognitive decline in neurodegenerative dementias, and VaD and Alzheimer's disease often coexist and share c...

The introduction of interview speech in recent NIST Speaker Recognition Evaluations (SREs) has necessitated the development of robust voice activity detectors (VADs) that can work under very low signal-to-noise ratio. This paper highlights the characteristics of interview speech files in NIST SREs and discusses the difficulties of detecting speech/non-speech segments in these files. To alleviat...

Program Number: 841 Presentation Time: 3:15 PM–3:30 PM Vitamin A deficiency impacts acquisition, but not expression, of autoimmunity to the neuroretina Reiko Horai, Ru Zhou, So Jin Bing, Kaska Wloka, Jun Chen, Phyllis Silver, Yingyos Jittayasothorn, Rachel R. Caspi. Laboratory of Immunology, National Eye Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD. Purpose: Vitamin A (VitA) and its derivative retinoic acid ar...

Vascular dementia (VaD) is a heterogeneous disorder resulting from various cerebrovascular diseases (CVD) causing cognitive impairment that reflects severity and location of damage. Epidemiological studies suggest VaD is the second commonest cause of dementia, but autopsy series report that pure VaD is infrequent, while combined CVD and Alzheimer's Disease(AD) is likely the commonest pathologic...

Atherothromboembolism and intracranial small vessel disease are considered to be the main causes of cerebrovascular injury, which may lead to cognitive impairment and vascular dementia (VaD). VaD appears to be the second most common type of dementia with prevalence estimates of 10-15%. Cortical or multi-infarct dementia and subcortical vascular dementia (SVD) are suggested to be the two main fo...

OBJECTIVE To characterize the neuropsychological profile of vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) and vascular dementia (VaD). METHODS The authors examined 170 patients with stroke or TIA at 3 to 6 months after the vascular event, and 96 age-matched healthy controls, with detailed neuropsychological and medical-psychiatric assessments, with a majority (66.7%) undergoing MRI brain scans. The sub...