Antimicrobial peptides are promising alternative antimicrobial agents compared to conventional antibiotics. Understanding the mode of action is important for their further application. We examined the interaction between trichokonin VI, a peptaibol isolated from Trichoderma pseudokoningii, and Bacillus subtilis, a representative Gram-positive bacterium. Trichokonin VI was effective against B. s...

BACKGROUND Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (S Typhi) is responsible for an estimated 20 million infections and 200 000 deaths each year in resource poor regions of the world. Capsular Vi-polysaccharide-protein conjugate vaccines (Vi-conjugate vaccines) are immunogenic and can be used from infancy but there are no efficacy data for the leading candidate vaccine being considered for widespread ...

Myosin VI challenges the prevailing theory of how myosin motors move on actin: the lever arm hypothesis. While the reverse directionality and large powerstroke of myosin VI can be attributed to unusual properties of a subdomain of the motor (converter with a unique insert), these adaptations cannot account for the large step size on actin. Either the lever arm hypothesis needs modification, or ...

S. Chen and R. Varma are with the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213 USA. Email: [email protected], [email protected]. A. Singh is with the Department of Machine Learning, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA. Email: [email protected]. J. Kovačević is with the Departments of Electrical and Computer Engineering and B...

An edge-ordered graph is an ordered pair (G, f), where G = G(V,E) is a graph and f is a bijective function, f : E(G) → {1, 2, ..., |E(G)|}. f is called an edge ordering of G. A monotone path of length k in (G, f) is a simple path Pk+1 : v1, v2..., vk+1 in G such that either, f((vi, vi+1)) < f((vi+1, vi+2)) or f((vi, vi+1)) > f((vi+1, vi+2)) for i = 1, 2, ..., k − 1. Given an undirected graph G,...

Possible application of a locally isolated environmental isolate, Acinetobacter haemolyticus to remediate Cr(VI) contamination in water system was demonstrated. Cr(VI) reduction by A. haemolyticus seems to favour the lower concentrations (10-30 mg/L). However, incomplete Cr(VI) reduction occurred at 70-100 mg/L Cr(VI). Initial specific reduction rate increased with Cr(VI) concentrations. Cr(VI)...

where a = ∑i, j vi j (PiQ j)(S [qi j]×Piδ Q j) b = ∑i, j vi j (PiQ j)(S [qi j]×∆PiQ j) c = ∑i, j vi j (S [qi j]×Piδ Q j) >(S [qi j]×∆PiQ j)+(PiQ j) (∆Piδ Q j) d = ∑i, j vi j (S [qi j]×∆PiQ j) (∆Piδ Q j) e = ∑i, j vi j (S [qi j]×Piδ Q j) (∆Piδ Q j) f = ∑i, j vi j (∆Piδ Q j)(∆Piδ Q j) g = ∑i, j vi j (S [qi j]×Piδ Q j) >(S [qi j]×Piδ Q j) h = ∑i, j vi j (S [qi j]×∆PiQ) >(S [qi j]×∆PiQ j) Solving t...

Chromium (VI) (Cr(VI)) contamination of soil and groundwater is considered a major environmental concern. Bioreduction of Cr(VI) to chromium (III) (Cr(III)) can be considered an effective technology in remediating Cr(VI) contaminated sites. Among the Cr(VI) reducing bacteria, Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 (MR-1) is relatively effective. Reduction of Cr(VI) by MR-1 is defined by the dual-enzyme kin...

BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence, risk factors, and prognostic significance of level VI lymph node metastases from hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). METHODS A retrospective review of 68 previously untreated patients with hypopharyngeal SCC who underwent level VI node dissection was performed. RESULTS Level VI lymph node metastases occurred in 2...