Interactions between polar bears (Ursus maritimus) and humans in 6 national parks in the Canadian Arctic from 1986 to 2000 were examined (n = 53). No human fatalities and only 1 injury occurred. Bears were killed in only 4% of interactions, a much lower rate than in other studies, possibly because of the availability of deterrents. Interactions occurred mainly in summer in parks where bears are...

The present study investigates human aversive Pavlovian-to-Instrumental Transfer (PIT) and possible influences of outcome devaluation and instrumental overtraining on this effect. PIT measures the extent to which a Pavlovian conditioned stimulus (CS) can increase instrumental responses independently paired with the same (outcome-specific transfer) or a different (general transfer) reinforcer. T...

considering the increase in waste production, scarcity of land allocated to landfill in urban areas, concerns about ecological damages caused by hazardous waste and damages done to the environment, municipal waste management has become of tremendous importance. the study investigated the behavioral patterns of households regarding waste separation at source using data collected through intervie...

The objectives of this study were to assess the risk associated with proportion Brahman inheritance, cow age, dystocia, and birth date weather conditions on calf vigor at birth (n = 3,253) and preweaning mortality (n = 3,631), and to estimate heritabilities for these traits. Calves that had poor vigor at birth and calves that died before weaning were coded 1, and those that had adequate birth v...

in the present study, the root vigor and kinetic characteristics of nitrogen absorption in potato cultivars was investigated through sand cultivation and pot tests with nutrient solution. four cultivars of potatoes, namely, feiwuruita, yunshu301, liangshu97, and chuanyu56 were grown in nutrient solution matrix cultures. the result showed that: (1) nitrogen uptake rates differed significantly am...

The formation of abnormal amino acid residues is a major source of spontaneous age-related protein damage in cells. The protein l-isoaspartyl methyltransferase (PIMT) combats protein misfolding resulting from l-isoaspartyl formation by catalyzing the conversion of abnormal l-isoaspartyl residues to their normal l-aspartyl forms. In this way, the PIMT repair enzyme system contributes to longevit...

Decision making requires an actor to not only steer behavior towards specific goals, but also determine the optimal vigor of performance. Current research and models have largely focused on the former problem of how actions are directed, while overlooking the latter problem of how they are energized. Here, we designed a self-paced decision-making paradigm that showed that rats' performance vigo...

(Koutledge and Kegan faul, JJs.) This is the third member of the Gluecks' monumental trilogy, the previous two being Unravelling Juvenile Delinquency, and Physique and Delinquency. It is helpful if the reader has had previous acquaintance with the Gluecks' earlier works. The present 328-page volume is more readable than the predecessors, for it is divided into three sections, the first 106 page...