This retrospective study focuses on the fine silicate particles (\62 lm in diameter) produced in a large eruption that was otherwise well studied. Fine particles represent a potential hazard to aircraft, because as simple particles they have very low terminal velocities and could potentially stay aloft for weeks. New data were collected to describe the fine particle size distributions of distal...

Ground deformation often precedes volcanic eruptions, and results from complex interactions between source processes and the thermomechanical behaviour of surrounding rocks. Previous models aiming to constrain source processes were unable to include realistic mechanical and thermal rock properties, and the role of thermomechanical heterogeneity in magma accumulation was unclear. Here we show ho...

Elemental (C, N, Pb) and isotopic (dC, dN) measurements of cored sediment from a small bog in northern New Mexico reveal changes in climate during the Late Pleistocene and Holocene. Abrupt increases in Pb concentration and dC values ca. 14 420 cal. YBP indicate significant runoff to the shallow lake that existed at that time. Weathering and transport of local volcanic rocks resulted in the deli...

Italy has a strong geothermal potential for power generation, although, at present, the only two geothermal fields being exploited are Larderello-Travale/Radicondoli and Mt. Amiata in the Tyrrhenian pre-Apennine volcanic district of Southern Tuscany. A new target for geothermal exploration and exploitation in Italy is represented by the Southern Tyrrhenian submarine volcanic district, a geologi...

Shallow-level sill emplacement can uplift Earth’s surface via forced folding, providing insight into the location and size of potential volcanic eruptions. Linking the structure and dynamics of ground deformation to sill intrusion is thus critical in volcanic hazard assessment. This is challenging, however, because (1) active intrusions cannot be directly observed, meaning that we rely on trans...

Introduction: Lunar domes are smooth low features similar to low terrestrial shield volcanoes. They were formed during the terminal phases of lunar eruptions and mostly occur in the maria. A few domes have been reported in the highlands, but these are usually difficult to observe because of the brightness and ruggedness of the surrounding terrain. According to [1,2], constructional volcanic fea...

An Eocene submarine boninite series volcanic center is exposed on the island of Chichi-jima, Bonin Islands, Japan. Five rock types, boninite, bronzite andesite, dacite, quartz dacite, and rhyolite, were distinguished within the boninite volcanic sequence on the basis of petrographic and geochemical observations. Boninite lavas contain high magnesium, nickel, and chromium contents indicative of ...

We have completed laboratory experiments and thermochemical equilibrium models to investigate secondary mineral formation under conditions akin to volcanic, hydrothermal acid-sulfate weathering systems. Our research used the basaltic mineralogy at Cerro Negro Volcano, Nicaragua, characterized by plagioclase, pyroxene, olivine, and volcanic glass. These individual minerals and whole-rock field s...

Lake Toba, Sumatra, Indonesia, is the site of the largest volcanic explosion in the late Pleistocene, which occurred about 73,500 ( 2000) years ago (Chesner et al., 1991, Bühring & Sarnthein 2000). It has been asserted by Ambrose (1998) and others (Rampino & Self 1992, Rampino & Ambrose 2000, Rampino 2002) that the eruption gave rise to a “volcanic winter” of such a catastrophic scale that it c...

[1] In the Inner Basin of the Columbia Hills, Gusev Crater is Home Plate, an 80 m platform of layered clastic rocks of the Barnhill class with microscopic and macroscopic textures, including a bomb sag, suggestive of a phreatomagmatic origin. We present data acquired by the Spirit Mars Exploration Rover by Alpha Particle X-Ray Spectrometer (APXS), Mössbauer Spectrometer, Miniature Thermal Emiss...