The surficial deposits surrounding the Mount Meager volcanic complex include numerous avalanche deposits. These deposits share many attributes: (a) they are nearly monolithologic and comprise mainly intermediate volcanic rock clasts, (b) they lack internal structure, and (c) they are very poorly sorted. Despite these similarities, the avalanche deposits represent two distinct processes. Mass wa...

This Special Publication provides a snapshot of our understanding of volcanic processes through the use of palaeomagnetic and rock magnetic techniques. Here, we provide a context for the book, placing individual chapters within the milieu of previous work, including some magnetic techniques that were not used in the particular studies described herein. Thermoremanent magnetization is a powerful...

Introduction: Recently published reports on chemical and physical properties of Mars sediments indicate that diagenetically altered volcanic rocks were reworked by sedimentary processes [1]. Furthermore, compositional and petrographic aspects of sediments show varying degrees of elemental enrichment as well as complex interaction between the minerals in partially saturated or saturated conditio...

The northeast region of Birjand is located in Lut structural and geological province. In this area we can distinguish two separate volcanic rock groups: intermediate to acidic volcanic rocks, including dacite, andesite, rhyolite and trachyandesite; and basic rocks, including basaltic andesite, mugearite and basalt. In this region, intermediate to acidic rocks, which belong to the Eocene-Miocene...

If life ever appeared on Mars, could we find traces of primitive life embedded in sedimentary meteorites? To answer this question, a 3.5-byr-old volcanic sediment containing microfossils was embedded in the heat shield of a space capsule in order to test survival of the rock and the microfossils during entry into the Earth’s atmosphere (the STONE 6 experiment). The silicified volcanic sediment ...

Volcano monitoring uses knowledge of volcanic processes and extensive data gathering to analyze areas of volcanic activity. The main goal is to learn the nature of the volcano, the magmatic processes occurring, and the likelihood of a future eruption. Volcano monitoring centers around three aspects of volcanic processes: ground deformation, seismic activity, and gas emissions. These techniques ...

Quantifying the eruption potential of a restless volcano requires the ability to model parameters such as overpressure and calculate the host rock stress state as the system evolves. A critical challenge is developing a model-data fusion framework to take advantage of observational data and provide updates of the volcanic system through time. The Ensemble Kalman Filter (EnKF) uses a Monte Carlo...

In volcanic regions, reliable estimates of mechanical properties for specific volcanic events such as cyclic inflation-deflation cycles by magmatic intrusions, thermal stressing, and high temperatures are crucial for building accurate models of volcanic phenomena. This study focuses on the challenge of characterizing volcanic materials for the numerical analyses of such events. To do this, we e...