during the recent decades, urban management in iran has increasingly confronted numerous challenges due to different kinds of social, cultural, political, executive, financial, and legal factors. the present study is going to specify and analyze the aforementioned challenges in the domain of the urban environment in order to determine how far they have been effective, how they have been priorit...

This paper presents an overview of the development of water quality objectives (water quality guidelines for local waterways), and water quality targets to protect waterways draining to the Great Barrier Reef (GBR). The Great Barrier Reef World Heritage Area is the world’s largest World Heritage Area, and contains the largest single collection of coral reefs in the world, supporting many divers...

There is a need to incorporate nutrition into aspects of crop and water productivity to tackle food and nutrition insecurity (FNS). The study determined the nutritional water productivity (NWP) of selected major (groundnut, dry bean) and indigenous (bambara groundnut and cowpea) grain legumes in response to water regimes and environments. Field trials were conducted during 2015/16 and 2016/17 a...

salinity is one of the most limitation factors for crop production in agricultural systems due to the toxic effects and preventing water and nutrients absorption, in this research the efficiency of four strains of fluorescent pseudomonads on concentration of nutrient elements in rice was determined, under saline conditions. a pot experiment was carried out based on the factorial completely rand...

Plant litter is an indispensable component of constructed wetlands, but how the submergence of plant litter affects their ecosystem functions and services, such as water purification, is still unclear. Moreover, it is also unclear whether the effects of plant litter submergence depend on other factors such as the duration of litter submergence, water source or litter species identity. Here we c...

in order to investigate the effects of supplementary calcium chloride and potassium nitrate on plant growth of ammi (carum copticum l.) in different salinity levels and nutrient solutions (ns), an experiment based on randomized complete block design (rcbd) with factorial arrangement was conducted under greenhouse condition in the faculty of agriculture, vali-e-asr university of rafsanjan, durin...

introduction grain legumes are considered as the second source of human nutrition after cereals and play an important role in community food supply, sustainable agriculture and economic profitability. among grain legumes, common bean has the most consumption in the world compared with others. however there are always some constraints in common bean production and drought is most important facto...