In this report we review a number of pricing concepts: at pricing, priority pricing, ParisMetro pricing, smart-market pricing, responsive pricing, expected capacity pricing, edge pricing and e ective bandwidth pricing. We provide a description of each method and the underlying assumptions. We outline advantages and disadvantages as seen by their authors. We hope that this collection provides th...

Three objectives are set for this year: (1) The development and implementation of probabilistic seismic hazard model for multi-sites with consideration of spatial variation of ground motions; (2) The refinement of the methodology to calculate seismic fragility of water supply systems based on a combination of Monte Carlo simulation and hydraulic network analysis for damaged systems; and (3) The...

A Monte Carlo simulation study of water and hydrocarbons aiming at understanding the degradation of polyethylene cable insulation is presented. Atomistic simulations of water, hydrocarbons and ions are presented. The SPC/E and TraPPE potential functions are used. The equilibrium distributions and clustering of water in vapour and in hydrocarbons was investigated using Gibbs-ensemble Monte-Carlo...

We assume a monopolistic market for a non-durable non-renewable resource such as crude oil, phosphates or fossil water. Stating the problem of obtaining optimal policies on extraction and pricing of the resource as a non-linear program allows general conclusions to be drawn under diverse assumptions about the demand curve, discount rates and length of the planning horizon. We compare the result...

the study investigates consumers’ preference for cowpea reflected in the nigerian markets through price discounts and premiums that consumers pay for different cowpea characteristics. the price data used for this study were obtained through a market survey. a common data collection protocol was employed. every month, between october 2009 to december 2010, five cowpea samples per seller were bou...