Performance in sensory discrimination tasks is commonly quantified using either information theory or ideal observer analysis. These two quantitative frameworks are often assumed to be equivalent. For example, higher mutual information is said to correspond to improved performance of an ideal observer in a stimulus estimation task. To the contrary, drawing on and extending previous results, we ...

one of the most common diseases associated with musculo-skeletal ailment is low back pain which is epidemic among general public. if manual tasks are performed inappropriately by workers at workplaces, it may cause back pain in the lumbar spine. in recent years, a variety of assistive devices has been presented and used to utilize a passive force generator which has been effective in decreasing...

Bacterial biofilms are highly resistant to common antibacterial treatments, and several physiological explanations have been offered to explain the recalcitrant nature of bacterial biofilms. Herein, a biophysical aspect of biofilm recalcitrance is being reported on. While engineering structures are often overdesigned with a factor of safety (FOS) usually under 10, experimental measurements of b...

Driving Forces Behind Informal Sanctions This paper investigates the driving forces behind informal sanctions in cooperation games and the extent to which theories of fairness and reciprocity capture these forces. We find that cooperators’ punishment is almost exclusively targeted towards the defectors but the latter also impose a considerable amount of spiteful punishment on the cooperators. H...

To prevent sympathetic detonation in a high performance magazine, barriers between stacks of munitions absorb donor fragments. Acceptor munitions may still initiate on impact of barrier debris or on being thrown into the walls of the magazine itself. These shocks can be reduced to a safe level by increasing the barrier's mass which reduces its velocity and the imparted shock. In addition a poro...

We construct the first mix-net that is secure against adaptive adversaries corrupting any minority of the mix-servers and any set of senders. The mix-net is based on the Paillier cryptosystem and analyzed in the universal composability model without erasures under the decisional composite residuosity assumption, the strong RSA-assumption, and the discrete logarithm assumption. We assume the exi...

The biological tissue is affected by external and internal deformation forces: tractive/tensile forces, shearing and compressive forces. The bone is deformed under the effect of a force. If the load exceeds the bone solidity limitation, fracture occurs. A mature bone consists of compact and spongy bone tissue. The basic structural unit of the cortical bone tissue are osteons and spongiosa consi...

objective : the aim of this study was to evaluate fracture characteristics of rigid two-tooth segments splinted with fiber reinforced composite (frc), with and without application of simulated masticatory forces. material and methods: in this experimental study, 80 extracted maxillary bicuspids were joined in pairs from the buccal aspect using frc. the specimens were divided into two groups. in...