most specialists in the field of foreign language teachingconsiderreading skill as an interactive process between the reader’s prior knowledge and the text.accordingly, the activation of prior knowledge for an effective comprehension is very important. it is generally agreed that the pre-reading phase is the stage where this type of interaction and activation may be enhanced throughcertain stra...

adolescents and young adults and their problems is an issue whose importance is obvious to anyone because youth are the founders of our countrys future and requires proper planning to be on leisure. given the importance of leisure,this study to investigate needs assessment and planning how adolescents and young adults spend their leisure time in urban of case study of high school girls and boys...

abstract this study examines the relationship between reading anxiety and difficulty of texts as well as the relationship between reading anxiety and students perceived difficulty of the texts. since difficulty is a relative concept, i limited its definition by sticking to the readability formula. we also took students perceived difficulty levels into account. therefore, in the present study, ...

Background: Nowadays, spiritual intelligence, as a modern approach, has an important role in improving mental health, reducing job stress and improving social functioning. This role is well recognized by organizations, and its improvement has increased staff’s better understanding of their jobs and their satisfaction with their jobs in this context, the present is study aimed to investiga...

Background: Children with mental disability have various disorders. Detecting of disabilities and presenting the suitable therapeutic intervention and trainings could be useful for children and their parents. This study was performed to study the effectiveness of ISTDP on social anxiety of children with mental disability and immobile visual perception disorder. Method: Population of study incl...

seismic retrofit strategies have been developed in the past few decades following the introduction of new seismic provisions and the availability of advanced materials and methods. it can be observed that new approaches to deal with more lateral forces are more innovative and more energy absorbent. in line with this, there is a growing trend toward the use of steel shear walls as a system with ...