OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of oral estradiol given with either oral or intravaginal micronized progesterone (P4) on risk biomarkers for breast cancer in a postmenopausal monkey model. DESIGN This experiment was a two-way crossover study in which 20 ovariectomized adult female cynomolgus macaques were treated (in equivalent doses for women) with oral estradiol (1 mg/d) + oral micronized...

Hoàng defined the P4-sparse graphs as the graphs where every set of five vertices induces at most one P4. These graphs attracted considerable attention in connection with the P4-structure of graphs and the fact that P4-sparse graphs have bounded clique-width. Fouquet and Giakoumakis generalized this class to the nicely structured semi-P4-sparse graphs being the (P5, co-P5, co-chair)-free graphs...

We study the P4-tidy graphs, a new class defined by Rusu [30] in order to illustrate the notion of P4-domination in perfect graphs. This class strictly contains the P4-extendible graphs and the P4-lite graphs defined by Jamison & Olariu in [19] and [23] and we show that the P4-tidy graphs and P4-lite graphs are closely related. Note that the class of P4-lite graphs is a class of brittle graphs ...

Circulating concentration of progesterone (P4) is determined by a balance between P4 production, primarily by corpus luteum (CL), and P4 metabolism, primarily by liver. The volume of large luteal cells in the CL is a primary factor regulating P4 production. Rate of P4 metabolism is generally determined by liver blood flow and can be of critical importance in determining circulating P4 concentra...

To investigate the role of progesterone (P4) as a survival factor in quail granulosa cell explants, P4 content was determined under various conditions and correlated with apoptotic indexes (AIs) evaluated by 2',6'-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI)-staining. Analysis of serum-free cultures from 24 to 96 h shows decreased P4 levels in the medium paralleled by increasing AI. Inhibiting apoptosis by ...

Oocyte maturation and embryo development are controlled by intra-ovarian factors such as steroid hormones. Progesterone (P4) exists in the follicular fluid that contributes to normal mammalian ovarian function and has several critical functions during embryo development and implantation, including endometrial receptivity, embryonic survival during gestation and transformation of the endometrial...

Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 was able to mobilize the entire Ins(1,4,5)P3-sensitive intracellular Ca2+ store in saponin-permeabilized SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells in a concentration-dependent manner, yielding an EC50 value of 2.05 +/- 0.45 microM, compared with 0.14 +/- 0.03 microM for Ins(1,4,5)P3. However, L-Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 [= D-Ins(1,3,5,6)P4] failed to cause mobilization of intracellular Ca2+ at conc...

We adopt the following rules: p1, p2, p3, p4, p5, p6, p, p7 denote points of E2 T and a, b, c, r, s denote real numbers. Next we state four propositions: (1) If sin](p1, p2, p3) = sin](p4, p5, p6) and cos](p1, p2, p3) = cos](p4, p5, p6), then ](p1, p2, p3) = ](p4, p5, p6). (2) sin](p1, p2, p3) = −sin](p3, p2, p1). (3) cos](p1, p2, p3) = cos](p3, p2, p1). (4) ](p1, p4, p2)+](p2, p4, p3) = ](p1, ...

The objective of this experiment was to determine whether post-mating progesterone (P4) supplement improves pregnancy and lambing rates in ewes bred during the seasonal anestrous period. In June, 39 synchronized to estrus Awassi ewes were allowed with four harnessed fertile rams immediately following CIDR-G device removal (day 0 and 0 hour). Five days following ram introduction, ewes were rando...