Research on pre-task planning has revealed that planned conditions have produced more fluent and complex language than unplanned conditions. To date, most of these studies have investigated the effects of individual planning on language production while collaborative planning has received scant attention. To determine the effects of pre-task planning on second language written production, the p...

Let k = k be a quadratic number field with discriminant ∆. For n ≥ 0, we define fields k inductively by taking k as the compositum of all unramified quadratic extensions of k that are central over k. Then k(∞) = ⋃∞ n=0 k (n,2) is the 2-class field tower of k. In the following, we call k the n central 2-step. The structure of the Galois group Gal (k/k) of the first central 2-step is determined b...

CT-based dental imaging for implant planning and surgical guidance carries both clinical and radiographic information for implant positioning as far as trajectory, depth and distribution. The significance of accurate planning and surgical guidance as it pertains to critical anatomical landmarks, such as the mandibular canal, maxillary sinus and adjacent teeth, cannot be overstated. This case re...

Planning in MDPs often uses a smaller planning horizon than specified in the problem to save computational expense at the risk of a loss due to suboptimal plans. Jiang et al. [2015b] recently showed that smaller than specified planning horizons can in fact be beneficial in cases where the MDP model is learned from data and therefore not accurate. In this paper, we consider planning with accurat...