BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The acetazolamide provocation test is commonly used to study cerebrovascular vasomotor reactivity. On the basis of the effect of a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor in the central nervous system, we hypothesized that acetazolamide may also increase blood flow in the human choroid. METHODS In a placebo-controlled, randomized, double-blind, three-way crossover design, acetazol...

BACKGROUND Acetazolamide and medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) are two respiratory stimulants that can be used in patients with stable hypercapnic COPD. DESIGN AND METHODS The effects of acetazolamide, 250 mg bid, and MPA, 30 mg bid, on daytime and nighttime blood gas values and the influences on the hypercapnic and hypoxic ventilatory and mouth occlusion pressure (P(0.1)) at 100 ms response ...

The involvement of nitric oxide (NO) in cerebral blood flow (CBF) stimulation by acetazolamide was studied in anaesthetised, mechanically ventilated Wistar rats. CBF was monitored by laser Doppler scanning. Acetazolamide induced a long-lasting significant rCBF-increase. Application of N-Nitro-l-arginine (L-NNA), an inhibitor of all NO synthetases (NOS), prevented CBF stimulation by acetazolamid...

Acetazolamide is widely used to treat glaucoma because it reduces the rate of formation of aqueous humour.1 It should be remembered, however, that acetazolamide inhibits carbonic anhydrase in the renal proximal tubular epithelium, which results in a bicarbonate diuresis. Indeed, acetazolamide was first introduced to treat glaucoma because of this diuretic action.2 We report on two patients in w...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Decreased cerebral blood flow (CBF) response after acetazolamide administration may indicate increased cerebral blood volume (CBV) owing to reduced perfusion pressure from major cerebral artery steno-occlusive disease. However, decreased cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO(2)) caused by neuronal damage or deafferentation may also decrease the CBF response to acetazola...

BACKGROUND Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients may develop metabolic alkalosis during weaning from mechanical ventilation. Acetazolamide is one of the treatments used to reverse metabolic alkalosis. METHODS 619 time-respiratory (minute ventilation, tidal volume and respiratory rate) and 207 time-PaCO2 observations were obtained from 68 invasively ventilated COPD patients. We...

We evaluated the effects of acetazolamide on Na+-HCO3- cotransport in basolateral membrane vesicles isolated from the rabbit renal cortex. Na+ uptake stimulated by an imposed inward HCO3- gradient was not significantly reduced by 1.2 mM acetazolamide, indicating that acetazolamide does not directly inhibit Na+-HCO3- cotransport. 4,4'-Diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulfonate (DIDS)-sensitive Na+-...

Low doses of the carbonic anhydrase inhibitor acetazolamide provides accelerated acclimatization to high-altitude hypoxia and prevention of cerebral and other symptoms of acute mountain sickness. We previously observed increases in cerebral O2 metabolism (CMRO2 ) during hypoxia. In this study, we investigate whether low-dose oral acetazolamide (250 mg) reduces this elevated CMRO2 and in turn mi...

We wish to comment on the correspondence regarding the question of efficacy and mechanism of action of acetazolamide in the treatment of idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH), published in JAMA September 10, 2014 (1). Whereas Sinclair et al. (2) minimize the benefits and favor a theory of weight loss as the reason for a small improvement in symptoms and reduced papilledema, Wall et al. (3)...

Colorectal cancer is a common cancer worldwide. Carbonic anhydrase (CA) catalyzes the reversible conversion of carbon dioxide to bicarbonate ion and a proton, and its inhibitor is reported to reduce cancer cell proliferation and induce apoptosis. Therefore, we asked whether acetazolamide, a CA inhibitor, could inhibit intestinal carcinogenesis. Five-week-old male Apc-mutant mice, Min mice, were...