introduction: neurohormones like testosterone and estradiol have an important role in learning and memory. the hippocampus is essentially involved in learning and memory, and is known to be a target for estradiol actions. estrogen receptors (ers) are highly expressed in ca1 of rat hippocampus, and mediate the effects of estrogen on learning and memory. estradiol receptor belong to a family of t...

introduction: zinc is an essential trace element that plays an important role in synaptic plasticity and modulating the activity of cns and involve in learning and memory. synaptic vesicle zinc in the hippocampus area exerting modulatory effects on nmda glutamate receptor. method: in this experiment the effects of nmda agonist and antagonist administration intra hippocampus on passive avoidance...

the main goal of this research is the explanation and critiques of the concept of learning in paideia proposal that has been done according to adler’s view. in order to achieve this goal, the descriptive-analytic method was used. according to this research, the properties of learning in relation to the content of learning, teaching, the role of teacher, the being active in learning in paideia p...

Introduction: Previous studies have shown that vitamin A and its derivatives such as retinoid and all-trans retinoic acid have a crucial role in memory, learning and synaptic plasticity. The receptors of vitamin A are seen in different parts of the brain such as hippocampus, where vitamin A has an important role in learning. In this study, the effect of intrahippocampal (CA1) injection of al...