Health workforce shortages in Sub-Saharan Africa are widely recognized, particularly of physicians, leading the training and deployment of Non-physician clinicians (NPCs). The paper by Eyal et al provides interesting and legitimate viewpoints on evolving role of physicians in context of decisive increase of NPCss in Sub-Saharan Africa. Certainly, in short or mid-term, NPCs will continue to be a...

The material science and characterization is a field concerned with inventing new materials and improving previously known materials by developing a deeper understanding of properties under different physical conditions. The properties of materials depend upon their composition, structure, synthesis and processing. Many properties of materials depend strongly on the structure, even if the compo...

the issue of convergence or divergence of productivity has important policy for regional poverty reduction and increasing standards of living. if productivity converges to a common level without intervention, there is little need for explicit policies in lagging regions to promote catch up. on the other hand, productivity has divergence trend, then explicit policies would be needed to prevent f...

Adequate nutrition is essential in early childhood to ensure healthy growth, proper organ formation and function, a strong immune system, and neurological and cognitive development. Child malnutrition – as measured by poor child growth – is an important indicator for monitoring population nutritional status and health. In 2013, about 17%, or 98 million children under five years of age in develo...

this study investigates the atmospheric circulation associated with extreme rainfall events over the coastal west africa. the rainfall data of this study were obtained from the global precipitation climatology centre (gpcc), spanning from 1981 to 2010. the atmospheric datasets were also obtained from the era-interim reanalysis. the study employed the z-index to categorize dry and wet years into...

This paper will discuss about the role of the geopolitical location of South Africa in the development of movie and the cinema industry in this country. Despite of bringing ci-nema to South Africa by white Europeans, but the development of this phenomenon is mostly due to the geopolitical position of this country. It is interesting to know that ci-nema reached Africa in much the same time as it...

Africa has high biodiversity and is rapidly urbanizing. However, there is limited understanding of how urban expansion in Africa is likely to affect its habitats and biodiversity. Little urban ecological research has been done in Africa. This study needs to think ahead as Africa move into the “urban age” it is critical to inform the public on the importance of urban environment...

background pharmacovigilance (pv) data are crucial for ensuring safety and effectiveness of medicines after drugs have been granted marketing approval. this paper describes the pv systems of india, uganda and south africa based on literature and key informant (ki) interviews and compares them with the world health organization’s (who’s) minimum pv requirements for a functional national pv syste...