to investigate the influence of hypoxia during the early stage of incubation on embryonic developmentand hatching events, and consequently on incidence of ascites in broiler chickens, one thousand fertile eggswere incubated in two commercial incubators. half the eggs were incubated in a low altitude incubator untilhatched. the second half were incubated in a high altitude incubator until day 10...

At high altitudes, the air pressure is much lower than it is at sea level and contains fewer oxygen molecules and less oxygen is taken in at each breath. This requires deeper and rapid breathing to get the same amount of oxygen into the blood stream compared to breathing in air at sea level. Exercises increase the oxygen demand and make breathing more difficult at high altitude. In this study, ...

ultraviolet waves, because of their short wavelength, have a high energy and considerable damaging effects on surfaces. protection against ultraviolet radiations is one of the finishing treatments done on surfaces exposed to sunlight. the importance of this issue in relation to human health, due to complications such as skin burns and cancer, is doubled. up to now, different materials such as z...

Flying insects use highly efficient visual strategies to control their self-motion in three-dimensional space. We present a biologically inspired, minimalistic model for visual flight control in an autonomous agent. Large, specialized receptive fields exploit the distribution of local intensities and local motion in an omnidirectional field of view, extracting the information required for attit...

Using the Nadir and Occultation for MArs Discovery instrument aboard Trace Gas Orbiter, we derived CO/CO2 profiles between 75 105 km altitude with equivalent width technique. The showed significant seasonal variations in southern hemisphere decreases near perihelion increases aphelion. estimation of a one-dimensional photochemical model shows that an altitude-dependent eddy diffusion coefficien...

complex heat transfer phenomena (including unsteady state conduction, convection and solidification processes) occur in steel belt conveyer sulfur granulating method. numerical simulation of this technique is performed via a comprehensive and multifaceted one dimensional model. since the air situated between the adjacent sulfur pastilles is essentially stagnant, therefore, the surface temperatu...

time–area method is one of the most widely applied techniques of watershed routing, and can be potentially used as a distributed model. in this paper, a fundamental flaw in the arrangement of subareas in the original time-area histogram is identified for one-dimensional flow. this is conducted on the basis of comparing time-area hydrograph with that of the kinematic wave theorem. accordingly, a...

Some basic aspects of dynamics and transport in polar regions within one or two scale heights of the summer mesopause are examined, and the implications for local one-dimensional photochemical modeling of those regions discussed. Included is a simple thought experiment on gravity wave breaking that throws further light on the so-called "turbulent Prandtl number" question, and related questions....