Accumulative roll bonding is an advanced manufacturing process, which capable of simultaneously refining the grain size into nanometer regime and different metallic sheet materials. Herein, homogenous aluminum/aluminum as well heterogeneous aluminum/steel laminated metal composite (LMCs) are fabricated. The residual stresses experimentally determined by X-ray diffraction hole-drilling method. G...

Introduction: The neurotoxic effects of aluminum exposure during the critical period of neurodevelopment have been well documented. This study investigated the known protective effects of calcium supplementation on the cerebellum of juvenile Wistar rats following aluminum-induced neurotoxicity during lactation. Methods: Four groups of juvenile rats were exposed via lactation to distilled water...

In this work, the finite element simulation of dissimilar friction stir welding process is investigated. The welded materials are AA 6061-T6 and AA 7075-T6 aluminum alloys. For this purpose, a 3D coupled thermo-mechanical finite element model is developed according to the Coupled Eulerian-Lagrangian (CEL) method. The CEL method has the advantages of both Lagrangian and Eulerian approaches, whic...

Due to geographic and climatic conditions in mountainous northwest area, Roads in these areas are often covered with snow, ice and mud. Hence Transportation of equipment and soldiers encounter hardship and difficulties in rural area and specially outposts. To solve these problems, it is needed to fabricate portable roadway or traction mats. These high strength mats cover surface of roads and ar...

Acid-Aluminum (Al) is toxic to plants and greatly affects crop production worldwide. To understand the responses of plants to acid soils and Aluminum toxicity, we examined global gene expression using microarray data in alfalfa seedlings with the treatment of acid-Aluminum. 3,926 genes that were identified significantly up- or downregulated in response to Al3+ ions with pH 4.5 treatment, 66.33%...

the cold roll bonding of al on aisi 304l stainless steel was carried out to fabricate the al/304l/al clad sheet composites. the maximum bond strength of 20 n/mm was acquired just by 38% reduction, for which the tearing of the aluminum sheet occurred during the peeling test. the microstructural evolution during subsequent postannealing heat treatment was systematically studied based on the impur...

A production-scale ionized physical vapor deposition ~I-PVD! source has been developed to investigate the directional metalization of 200 mm diameter wafers by sputtering. The ionization of sputtered metal is accomplished by a 45 cm diameter inductively coupled plasma ~ICP!. Unlike previously reported I-PVD sources, however, the coil of the ICP is external to the plasma chamber. A plasma-immers...

In aluminum extrusion, a work-piece (billet) is pressed through a die with an opening that closely resembles the desired shape of a profile. By this process, long profiles with an enormous variety of cross-sections can be produced to serve different markets such as building, construction and transport industry. When the shape of a profile does not conform to the specifications defined by the cu...