Athletes, like others, use recreational and lorillicit psychoactive drugs. However, many athletes also use drugs to enhance their training or performance, including an array of bizarre and exotic substances. Although the majority of these substances are not psychoactive, they may be abused by athletes. Some of these substances, such as anabolic steroids and human growth honnone, are referred to...

OBJECTIVE The relationship between musculoskeletal injuries and anabolic-androgenic steroids is not well understood. The purpose of our study was to investigate the association between self-reported anabolic-androgenic steroids use and the prevalence of musculoskeletal injuries in a unique group of retired professional football players. DESIGN A general health questionnaire was completed by 2...

background: the most common drug abuse among athletes is anabolic steroids which lead to the development of cardiovascular diseases and sudden death. thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate cardiovascular outcomes of anabolic consumption in body building athletes. materials and methods: totally, 267 male athletes at the range of 20-45 years old with the regular consumption of anabolic stero...

background: anabolic-androgenic steroids are used at high doses by athletes for improving athletic ability, physical appearance and muscle mass. therefore, the abuse of these steroids has been significantly increased. many undesirable side effects of these steroids on the male reproductive function have been reported, however, little is known about their effects on sexual behavior and tissues o...

The term "anabolic steroids" refers to testosterone derivatives that are used either clinically or by athletes for their anabolic properties. However, scientists have questioned the anabolic effects of testosterone and its derivatives in normal men for decades. Most scientists concluded that anabolic steroids do not increase muscle size or strength in people with normal gonadal function and hav...

BACKGROUND Anabolic steroids are known to improve body composition and muscle strength in healthy people. However, whether anabolic steroids improve the physical condition and function in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) remains undetermined. A meta-analysis was conducted to review the current evidence regarding the effects of anabolic steroids on COPD patients. METH...

A 30 year old bodybuilder who had been taking anabolic steroids for 18 months presented with bleeding oesophageal varices. Serious liver disease secondary to anabolic steroids including peliosis hepatis, nodular hyperplasia and malignant change is well recognized. We report what is, to our knowledge, the first case of bleeding oesophageal varices associated with the use of anabolic steroids.