a four month old male infant was referred to the pediatric clinic of afshar hospital in yazd city because of cyanosis. on physical examination, patient had central cyanosis, single second heart sound, a grade iii/vi continuous murmur in left clavicular area, abdominal distension and large sized smooth and movable abdominal mass in right upper quadrant of abdomen. transthoracic echocardiography ...

Objective(s): Naringin, an essential flavonoid, inhibits inflammatory response and oxidative stress in diabetes. However, whether naringin has beneficial effects on diabetic retinopathy (DR) remains unknown. Materials and Methods: Streptozotocin (STZ, 65 mg/kg) was intraperitoneally injected into male rats (8 weeks old weighting 200-250 g) to establish diabetic model, then naringin (20, 40 or 8...

Objective(s): The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of chloride channel protein 2 (ClC-2) in glutamate-induced apoptosis in the retinal ganglion cell line (RGC-5). Materials and Methods: RGC-5 cells were treated with 1 mM glutamate for 24 hr. The expression of ClC-2, Bax, and Bcl-2 was detected by western blot analysis. Cell survival and apoptosis were measured by 3-(4,5-dimeth...

background: on an average 30-50% of patients who undergo incision and drainage (i and d) of anal abscess will develop recurrence or fistula formation. it is claimed that finding the internal orifice of anal abscess to distract the corresponding anal gland duct; will decline the rate of future anal fistula. surgeons supporting i and d alone claim that finding the internal opening is hazardous. t...

Background: Most research on autonomic dysfunction of diabetes mellitus is conducted on ganglions innervating gastrointestinal (GI) tract and there are limited works focusing on cervical sympathetic ganglia. The effects of diabetes mellitus (DM) on the neurons of superior cervical sympathetic ganglion (SCSG) are investigated by stereological methods. Material and Methods: Female rats (n=72) ran...

glaucoma is a major cause of worldwide irreversible blindness. the central role of raised intraocular pressure (iop) is being questioned as many patients continue to demonstrate a clinically downhill course despite initial control of iop. the latest concept of recognizing glaucoma as a multifactorial, progressive, neurodegenerative disease of retinal ganglion cells (rgcss) associated with chara...

Background and Objective: Sensory neurons have critical role in improvement of functional outcome of any neuroprotective strategy. The herbal medicine Nepeta menthoides has been reported to have anti-apoptotic effect on axotomized spinal motoneurons. In the present study, the putative neuroprotective effect of Nepeta menthoides on the axotomized dorsal root ganglion sensory neurons in neonate r...

background: most research on autonomic dysfunction of diabetes mellitus is conducted on ganglions innervating gastrointestinal (gi) tract and there are limited works focusing on cervical sympathetic ganglia. the effects of diabetes mellitus (dm) on the neurons of superior cervical sympathetic ganglion (scsg) are investigated by stereological methods.   material and methods: female rats (n=72) r...