3D printing or additive manufacturing is one of the newest technologies that has begun to be used for production anatomical models in veterinary medicine. The main aim this research was evaluate total cost required different and cost-effectiveness use these practice. For purpose study, we evaluated a printed model human heart, inner ear, cross-section animal cell spinal cord, sheep, cow cat bra...

Creating and animating subject-specific anatomical models is traditionally a difficult process involving medical image segmentation, geometric corrections and the manual definition of kinematic parameters. In this paper, we introduce a novel template morphing algorithm that facilitates 3D modeling and parameterization of skeletons. Target data can be either medical images or surfaces of the who...

This paper presents a very selective review of some of the approaches for multivariate modelling of inter-subject variability among brain images. It focusses on applying probabilistic kernel-based pattern recognition approaches to pre-processed anatomical MRI, with the aim of most accurately modelling the difference between populations of subjects. Some of the principles underlying the pattern ...

background echocardiography is widely used to diagnose or exclude cardiac disease. the reports on reference values based on an asian population are limited. objectives we conducted a study to determine normal values for two-dimensional, m-mode, and doppler echocardiographic measurements and evaluate the relationship between these parameters and age and gender in a large, healthy iranian populat...